Page:Narratives of the mission of George Bogle to Tibet.djvu/38

Rh THE CENTRAL CHAIN. XXXIU we have become acquainted is that of Taklakhar, in the gorge of the Karnali. But the range in Kumaon and Bussahir has been examined, and four passes have been explored.^ Thus the Central Kange of the Himalaya has been crossed at six different points from east to west, within the region of which we are treating. First, at the gorge of the Painam river, by Bogle, Turner, and Manning ; next, at the Lagulung-la and Dong-la passes, by No. 9 ; next, at the No-la pass, by the Pundit of 1866 ; and lastly, at the Photu-la pass. Very magnificent views of its long line of glaciers and snowy peaks, forming a continuous chain, have been enjoyed by Dr. Hooker from the Donkia pass, by Bogle and Turner from the foot of Chumal- hari, by Manning looking back from the Khamba-la, and by Colonel Montgomerie's explorers from many other points. From its northern face the ravines, opening into valleys, slope pretty regularly to the Tsanpu. But to the south, the region between the Central and Southern ranges is broken by long parallel spurs and saddles of great height, in two instances completely encircling large lakes, in others leading the rivers for considerable distances in courses parallel to, the axes of the chains, before they burst through one or other of them, and flow down the meridional slopes. Such is the topographical aspect of Great Tibet, or the provinces of U and Tsang, comprised in the valley of the Tsanpu, or upper Brahmaputra, and in the broken region parallel to it, and at a greater elevation, between the Central and Southern ranges. We next come to the consideration of the Southern Hima- laya ^ and its chain of stupendous peaks, of the hydrography of its southern slope, and of the routes leading from India over its dangerous and little-known passes. from Badrinath, on the Ganges, to Gar- tuk; and one from Nilung to Guge; besides the Dalhousie ronte, which leads to where the Sutlej breaks out of Tibe- tan territory at ShipM. ville and the Chinese geographers. Perhaps a misprint for Himola. C
 * Two from Milun to (Jartuk ; one
 * The Rimola Mountains of D'An-