Page:Narratives of the mission of George Bogle to Tibet.djvu/33

Rh mmmmmF XXTIU THE PAINAM AND SHTANQ-CHU RIVEKS. [IlTTB. Teshu Lumbo was visited by Bogle and Turner, and is fully described by the former envoy, in the following pages. Between Janglaehe and Shigatze two rivers fall into the Tsanpu on the south bank, called the Shakiadong-chu and the Shiabgi-chu. At a distance of 30 miles up the valley of the former river, 13,860 feet above the sea, on one of the slopes of the Central Chain, is the great monastery of Sakia-jong (Sankia of D'Anville), the head-quarters of the Bed Cap sect of Buddhists. It is 30 miles from Janglaehe, and 48 from Shigatze. In the lower part of the Shakiadong-chu there are many villages, with cornfields, and a considerable town nestles at the foot of the " Red Cap " monastery. Near Shigatze two rivers, one from the north and the other from the south, enter the Brahmaputra. They have been traced from their sources, so that here we first get a knowledge of the whole width of the valley, from the Southern and Central to the Northern Chain of the Himalaya. The southern river is the Penanang-chu or Painam.^ It rises from two lakes, dis- covered by Mr. Bogle, at the foot of the Chumalhari Peak, on the Southern Eange, forces its way through a gorge in the Central Range,^ where there are hot springs,^ waters the fertile valleys of Giansu* (Griangze-jong) and Painam (Pena-jong), and falls into the Brahmaputra near Shigatze. This river was first followed by Bogle along its whole course in 1774, then by Captain Turner in 1782, and as far as Giansu by Manning in 1811. The river flowing from the north is the Shiang-chu. It rises near the Khalamba-la pass, over the Northern Range, which is 17,200 feet above the level of the sea, and after a lateral course in the mountains of about 80 miles, it flows south- 1 Monctchou of D'Anville. Bogle describes the route as " passing tbrough valleys bounded by bleak and barren bills, through whose openings we saw distant mountains covered with snow " (p. 74), Turner says : " The river has a considerable fall, and hurried with violence over a rocky bed. High rocks, perpendicular and bare, and vast impending crags " (p. 221). ' See p. 182 ; and Turner, p. 220. dze-dzoung of Klaproth.
 * In crossing the Central Range,
 * Tcbiantse of D'Anville; and Gial-