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 Amtrak has provided written guidelines on safety briefings in two employee publications The General Rules/Manuals of Service Instructions for On Board Service Employees state: All train attendants are responsible for including the following information as part of their routine passenger orientation: 0 That they have received special training in handling unusual or emergency situations and are prepared to assist in the event of such occurrence. O That passengers should notify their attendant immediately if they become aware of any emergency on the train That they are available for passengers' questions about procedures and locations of exit doors, emergency windows in their cars and fire extinguishers According to the "Guidelines for Effective Announcements" in Amtrak's Manual of Instruction for Transportation Department Employees, conductors are required to make the following announcement during departures from all stations Please observe in the seat pocket in front of you or on the bulkhead at each end of your car, an Emergency Exit Instruction Card Please take a moment to read the procedures for emergency door and window exit instructions Thus, both OBS personnel and conductors have responsibility for safety briefings on Amtrak trains Amtrak's written guidelines do not further delineate their duties in this area Train 2's assistant conductor testified that he usually reinforces the safety briefings provided by the OBS supervisor. The lead service attendant said he believed that he heard a safety briefing over the public address system, and two passengers indicated that because of information provided by the traincrew, they knew the location of emergency exits. Several passengers did not recall hearing a safety briefing by anyone during their trip from Los Angeles to Mobile. If safety briefings were provided in all sections of the train, they were not effective because some passengers reported that they did not receive the information Moreover, while Amtrak's manuals state that such briefings are to be routinely given at all stations, an Amtrak official testified that the briefings are to be provided at the beginning of a trip and at major stops, noting that a "major stop" has not been defined He added, "You want to have enough announcements that are informative but not so many that it becomes a burden. so it varies by route and type of service " Los Angeles might reasonably be considered a major stop; however, some passengers boarding there said they were not given a safety briefing. They believed that such a briefing would have helped them evacuate the train quickly. 56 5The conductor on train 2 in Los Angeles is no longer employed by Amtrak, despite repeated attempts, investigators were unable to contact him after the accident to ask him whether he had given a safety briefing 53 53