Page:NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods - 7400.pdf/7

 ASBESTOS and OTHER FIBERS by PCM: METHOD 7400, Issue 2, dated 15 August 1994 - Page 7 of 15

(2)	Do not count any fiber which crosses the graticule boundary more than once. (3)	Reject and do not count all other fibers. c.	 Count bundles of fibers as one fiber unless individual fibers can be identified by observing both ends of a fiber. d.	 Count enough graticule fields to yield 100 fibers. Count a minimum of 20 fields. Stop at 100 graticule fields regardless of count. 19.	Start counting from the tip of the filter wedge and progress along a radial line to the outer edge. Shift up or down on the filter, and continue in the reverse direction. Select graticule fields randomly by looking away from the eyepiece briefly while advancing the mechanical stage. Ensure that, as a minimum, each analysis covers one radial line from the filter center to the outer edge of the filter. When an agglomerate or bubble covers ca. 1/6 or more of the graticule field, reject the graticule field and select another. Do not report rejected graticule fields in the total number counted. NOTE 1:	When counting a graticule field, continuously scan a range of focal planes by moving the fine focus knob to detect very fine fibers which have become embedded in the filter. The small-diameter fibers will be very faint but are an important contribution to the total count. A minimum counting time of 15 s per field is appropriate for accurate counting. NOTE 2:	This method does not allow for differentiation of fibers based on morphology. Although some experienced counters are capable of selectively counting only fibers which appear to be asbestiform, there is presently no accepted method for ensuring uniformity of judgment between laboratories. It is, therefore, incumbent upon all laboratories using this method to report total fiber counts. If serious contamination from non-asbestos fibers occurs in samples, other techniques such as transmission electron microscopy must be used to identify the asbestos fiber fraction present in the sample (see NIOSH Method 7402). In some cases (i.e., for fibers with diameters >1 µm), polarized light microscopy (as in NIOSH Method 7403) may be used to identify and eliminate interfering non-crystalline fibers [15]. NOTE 3:	Do not count at edges where filter was cut. Move in at least 1 mm from the edge. NOTE 4:	Under certain conditions, electrostatic charge may affect the sampling of fibers. These electrostatic effects are most likely to occur when the relative humidity is low (below 20%), and when sampling is performed near the source of aerosol. The result is that deposition of fibers on the filter is reduced, especially near the edge of the filter. If such a pattern is noted during fiber counting, choose fields as close to the center of the filter as possible [5]. NOTE 5:	Counts are to be recorded on a data sheet that provides, as a minimum, spaces on which to record the counts for each field, filter identification number, analyst’s name, date, total fibers counted, total fields counted, average count, fiber density, and commentary. Average count is calculated by dividing the total fiber count by the number of fields observed. Fiber density (fibers/mm²) is defined as the average count (fibers/field) divided by the field (graticule) area (mm²/field). CALCULATIONS AND REPORTING OF RESULTS 20.	Calculate and report fiber density on the filter, (fibers/mm²), by dividing the average fiber count , minus the mean field blank count per graticule field, , by the graticule per graticule field, field area, (approx. 0.00785 mm²): , fibers/mm². NOTE:	Fiber counts above 1300 fibers/mm² and fiber counts from samples with >50% of filter area covered with particulate should be reported as “uncountable” or “probably biased.” Other fiber counts outside the 100–1300 fiber/mm² range should be reported as having “greater than optimal variability” and as being “probably biased.” 21.	Calculate and report the concentration, (fibers/cc), of fibers in the air volume sampled, (L), using the effective collection area of the filter, (approx. 385 mm² for a 25-mm filter): NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM), Fourth Edition