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 (dermal route). However, many of the products induced modified behavior (including lethargy, ataxia, and even paralysis) from which the animals recovered. At necropsy, some animals exhibited mottled kidneys or livers. Diarrhea was a common symptom. For example, rat sgavaged with a slurry of white paper exhibited white diarrhea for 1 to 2 days. The relevance of such exposures and effects is questionable.

One product (96 Solvent CB Paper Internal Phase) was tested for developmental toxicity; it produced fetal malformations at a concentration that was toxic to the mother.

None of the products were corrosive, and very few were classified as primary irritants. However, some of the products caused mild eye irritation and transitory erythema and edema of the skin.

Several paper products were tested for formaldehyde content, which ranged from 0.014 to <0.001 µg/g in the products tested. Levels of detection for the methods were not noted. Overall, the materials tested exhibited low or negligible toxicity. Some could act as mild irritants. The Mead Corporation submitted toxicology tests performed between March 3, 1987, and July 18, 1996. Tardiff [1997] reviewed the complete testing program of the Mead Corporation’s evaluation of CCP and of the ingredients used to manufacture Mead’s CCP. (These same materials were also submitted to and reviewed by NIOSH.) The Tardiff review encompasses 191 substances consisting of individual chemicals, mixtures used in the production of CCP, and various batches of CCP. The individual chemicals and mixtures included various inks, dyes, powders, coatings, adhesives, and other materials. Their identities were not known because of trade secret considerations by the company. Ingredients were selected for testing to supplement information provided by the suppliers of the raw materials and to test chemicals considered for formulations that were sufficiently reactive to have the potential for producing synergistic reactions with other ingredients of CCP. The following is a list of assays that were selectively performed (based on scientific judgment) with the test substances:

—Eye irritation test in the rabbit

—Primary skin irritation test in the guinea pig

—Skin sensitization test in the guinea pig

—Acute oral toxicity test in the rat

—Acute dermal toxicity test in the rabbit

—Acute inhalation toxicity test in the rat

—Genotoxicity tests (Ames mutagenicity assay and chromosomal aberration test)

The toxicity studies summarized in Tardiff [1997] were evaluated using data interpretation methods and guidelines accepted by the CPSC. Since that commission does not require the genotoxicity testing mentioned above, Tardiff [1997] used conventional professional practice found acceptable by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and supported by the National Academy of Sciences. To confirm the quality of the toxicologic tests summarized in the report, each study was verified as having been conducted in accordance with the 