Page:NIE 1903 - v. 8, p. 001.jpg

 FULLER'S EARTH {AS. fullere, from Lat. fullo, fuller). A material re- sembling clay in appearance, but commonly lacking plasticity. It is fine-grained, of variable color, and has a specific gravity of from 1.8 to 2.2. It derives its name from the fact that its principal use once was for fulling cloth and wool, that is, cleansing these materials of grease. At the present day a much more important application is for clarifying cotton- seed and lubricating oil, by filtering them through the earth, which absorbs the impuri- ties. Fuller's earth was originally mined only in England, especially at Nutfield, near Rei- gate, in Surrey, where it occurs in Cretaceous beds, and it was at one time considered so valu- able that its exportation from England was pro- hibited under severe penalties. A variety of ful- ler's earth, known as cimolite, occurs in the island of Argentina, Greece, and has been mined since ancient times. More recently fuller's earth deposits have been discovered near Quincy, Fla.; Fairbum, 80, Dak. ; and at other localities in the United States. The following analyses of fuller's earth show the composition of the material: 1 is from Reigate, England, and 2 from Quincy, Fla.:

was written in the interest of the High Church party. In 1846 she entered the Roman Catholic Church, and afterwards published a number of controversial novels, chief among which are: Lady Bird (1852) ; Too Strange Xot to be True (1864) ; and Constance Shericood (1865). After 1854 she devoted much time to charity. Consult Coleridge, The Life of Lady Oeorgiana Fullerton, translated from the French of Mme. Augustus Craven (London, 1888).

FULMAR (special use of fulmar, fulmart, foulmart, polecat, from AS. fill, Eng. foul + OF. marte, Fr. nwrtre, from OHG. mardar, G«r. Har- der, AS. mearps, Eng. marten). Any of several species of strictly oceanic petrels. (See Petrel.) The common northern fulmar {Fulmarus gla- cialis), the 'mallemuck' of sailors, is a bird about the size" of a duck, gray above, white be- neath; head, neck, and tail pure white; bill yel- low; the young are brownish gray. It inhabits the most northern seas, in which its numbers are prodigious, breeds on the rocky shores of the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Spitzbergen, etc., on the grassy shelves of the precipices, making a slight nest or a mere excavation, in which it lays one egg. It is rarely to be seen on the United States coast south of Massachu-

SIO,

Al,03

Fe,0,

CaO

MgO

NSaO

K.O

H,0

Moisture

1

62.81 62.88

6.92 10.36

3.78 2.45

7.40 2.43

2.27 3.12

".'26

.74 .74

14.27 7.72

2

6.41

The output of fuller's earth in the United States in 1900 was 11,813 short tons, valued at $70,565. Consult: "Mineral Resources of the United States," issued by the United States Geological Surrey (Washington, annually) ; also the vol- umes of The Mineral Industry (New York, 1893, et seq.).

FULLER'S THISTLE. See Teasel.

FUL^LERTON, T.ndy Georgiana (1812-85). An English novelist and ])hilanthropist, daughter of the first Earl of (^rrnnvillo. She was born at Tixnll Hall, Staffordshire, and in 1833 niarried Alexander FuUorton. In 1844 she published her first novel, Ellen Middloton, which was reviewed by Gladstone. Her second work, Qrantley Manor,

setts, or on the southern coasts of Great Brit- ain, but breeds in great numbers in Saint Kilda and adjacent islets. It is extraordinarily abun- dant about these isles, and is of importance to the inhabitants of Saint Kilda, who esteem its eggs and fiesh above those of any other bird, and gather them in the most perilous manner, de- scending by ropes from the stimmit of the preci- pices. The fulmars are also valued for their feathers, down, and oil; the last is one of the principal products of Saint Kilda, and is ob- tained from their stomachs. The old are said to feed the young with it, and when they are caught or assailed those birds lighten them- selves by disgorging it. It is amber-colored, and