Page:NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY 18; CZECHOSLOVAKIA; SCIENCE CIA-RDP01-00707R000200110012-0.pdf/20

 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200110012-0

position on a display decide in the cockpit, airspeed indicator, a laser altimeter, an autopilot, and a flight recorder.

Metra Electrical Measuring Instruments Company was reported to be manufacturing electronic countermeasure equipment designated "Wobler." The equipment employs a sweep method which constantly changes frequency and can be operated via remote control from the pilot's compartment.

The Czechoslovaks have developed and deployed the only operational ground-based ELINT time-of-arrival system in use in the world. It has been in use at least 5 years. From three or more ground sites, quite accurate locations of U.S. or West German radars can be obtained if coincident intercept can be obtained. The advanced ground sites are connected with a direction-finding processing center by video link operating at 8 gigahertz. Designed by the Military-Technical Directorate and operated by the military exclusively, the system has only fairly recently received greater Warsaw Pact recognition. It has been deployed along the Czech-German border and represents a rather considerable investment and technical accomplishment in the passive electronic countermeasure ELINT field.

The Czechoslovaks have displayed originality and high capabilities for designing digital computers, but the completion of prototypes and initiation of production in industry have been too slow to provide computers competitive with foreign models. Heavy dependence on foreign systems is still necessary to meet many normal domestic needs. Since the early 1960's, important work has been underway in the military sector, for example, in modern command and control procedures, yet no field military automatic data processing systems are known. The Ministry of National Defense has at least two research centers concerned with the development of computers, applications techniques, and specific problems of logistics, training, and related military activities.

The main administrative authority for Czechoslovak computer activity is probably the Ministry of Industry. The Research Institute of Mathematical Machines (VUMS), Prague, is the primary design facility and the most important contributor to Czechoslovak computer research and development. It has developed excellent peripheral equipment; its tape readers are the best in the Warsaw Pact countries; its line printers are in domestic use and exported to the U.S.S.R.; and punchcard equipment is used in various army installations for control of spare parts and similar logistic applications. Basic research is conducted also by the CSAV's Institute of Information Theory and Automation, Prague.

Products of the VUMS have included a variety of special-purpose, data-processing devices and a large, high-precision analog computer called ANALOGON, but the most important results have been the small general-purpose MEDA analog computers, the small general-purpose digital computers SAPO, EPOS-1, EPOS-2, ZPA-600, and its smaller version ZPA-200, the MNP-10, and the DP-100, a small punchcard computer. The most recent Czechoslovak digital computer, the third-generation ZPA-6000/30, is claimed to approximate the IBM 360/30. Other analog computer developments have been the AP-3M and the AP-5. Czechoslovakia also has maintained a strong capability to develop input/output equipment for digital and analog machines.

5. Medical sciences (S)

The high quality of research in the medical sciences can be readily discerned. The Czechoslovaks maintain a superior level of competence, surpassing that of the other East European countries in most fields and qualitatively equal to that of the U.S.S.R. in microbiology and pharmacology. Despite the lack of well equipped laboratories and limited research funds, results achieved are remarkable. Productivity has been inhibited to some extent by the Soviet intervention in 1968, and since that time prominent scientists have been deprived of key positions as institute heads and leaders of research. Major contributions are being made in microbiology, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, and radiology.

Microbiological science is at a very high level. Research utilizes biochemical, biophysical, organic and physical chemical, morphological, and mathematical approaches. Major work is done at the Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences, Prague. Tasks include study of cellular formation and reproduction, controlled proliferation of microbial populations, and genetic systems in life processes and in regulation of physiological states of the cell. Some of the best efforts are in the field of continuous fermentation. Fundamental studies have been contributed to the production of single cell protein by fermentation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Research in the immunology of infectious diseases is especially productive. Czechoslovakia's computerized epidemic-diseases surveillance system is recognized as one of the best in the world and has served as a pattern for adaptation by other countries. Research workers have succeeded in producing germ-free animals. Work on staphylococci and related infections is on a par with that done in Western countries, including the United States. The group working with insect hormones for

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APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2009/06/16: CIA-RDP01-00707R000200110012-0