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 VII., VIII. Villages of the older and later Greek period; two separate strata of simple stone houses above the ruins of the VI Stratum; native monochrome pottery, and almost all the known kinds of Greek ceramic art; date, 1000 B.C. to the beginning of our era.

IX. Acropolis of the Roman town Ilion, with a famous temple of Athena and beautiful buildings of marble; Roman pottery and other objects; marble inscriptions; date, beginning of our era to 500 A.D.

With only Schliemann's "Burnt City" before them, we do not wonder that scholars were skeptical. Opinions were divided. One extreme view declared: "We know nothing of Ilion, in spite of Hissarlik and Schliemann. There are found interesting excavations in the land south of the Hellespont, but this is no proof that Troy was once on this spot. A pious opinion must not stand in place of proof." In implicit faith that the Mycenaean discoveries are an exact picture of the Homeric age, Schulze swung to the opposite extreme. "The heroes of the Trojan war," he asserts, "used elegant vessels, wore seal rings upon their fingers, were attired in ornaments of gold, and have left as an inheritance to our day their faces outlined in gold masks."

The picture of life in Homer is practically the same for Greeks and Trojans. Both races have the same political, moral, and religious conditions.