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Rh ought to be a consequence of his teaching. He came to suppress evil, and, if he did not condemn the oath, he left a terrible evil untouched. It may be said, perhaps, that at the time at which Jesus lived this evil passed unperceived; but this is not true. Epictetus and Seneca declare against the taking of oaths. A similar rule is inscribed in the laws of Mani. The Jews of the time of Jesus made proselytes, and obliged them to take the oath. How could it be said that Jesus did not perceive this evil when he forbade it in clear, direct, and circumstantial terms? He said, “Swear not at all.” This expression is as simple, clear, and absolute as the expression, “Judge not, condemn not,” and is as little subject to explanation; moreover, he added to this, “Let your communication be, Yea, yea; Nay, nay: for whatsoever is more than these cometh of evil.”

If obedience to the doctrine of Jesus consists in perpetual observance of the will of God, how can a man swear to observe the will of another man or other men? The will of God cannot coincide with the will of man. And this is precisely what Jesus said in Matt. v. 36:—

“Neither shalt thou swear by thy head, because thou canst not make one hair white or black.”

And the apostle James says in his epistle, v. 12:—

“But above all things, my brethren, swear not, neither by heaven, neither by earth, neither by any other oath: but let your yea be yea; and your nay, nay; lest ye fall into condemnation.”