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 oeS nes hagen i&i no chynt do. 17 ' he was no nearer, however, to her than before '.

hagen, O. W. hacen M.c. gl. at ' hut ', Bret, hogen 'but ' (not enclitic). It has been suggested that the first part is identical with ac ' and ' (Loth. Voc. 150, Henry 165) ; as *at the base of ac also means ' but' 1(3) this is not improbable, but it is not easy to account for the form. O. W, lias ha, hac as well as a, ac, but the h- is not the aspirate, and is lost in Ml. W., 112 i. If, however, \ve suppose a cpv. in *-ison of of h ( 94 ii) might give hagen. For a similar cpv. cf. haeachen 220 iii (6) ; amgtn 148 ii (2).
 * aggos, its loc. *aggiseni would give *ag-hen, which by early metath.

iv. Causal : (i) canys [rad.] ' since ', cans 44 vi ; Ml. "W. can, kanyS) cans W.M. 487 ' since ' ; kan(n]y y han(n}yt, ' since . . . not ' ; kan(n}ys, canis iii (4) ' since . . . not . . . him (her, them) '.

ergliv wi ( = erglywji) can dothuif B.B. 75 'hear me since I have come'; kann colles HJ.A. 147 'since he has lost'; A chan derw yt fy/wednt y geir w.M. 21 ' and since thou hast said the word'. canys priflys oe8 do. 64 ' for it was the chief court' ; eisteS di yn y lie hwnn kanys tydi lieu S.G. 6 ' sit thou in this place for it is thou to whom it belongs'. Cany welas ef W.M. 16 ' since he did not see ' ; canyt oes vrenhin ar holl Annwvy-n namyn ti do. 8 ' for there is no king over all A. but thee'. canis, see iii (4) ; Kanys gwyBut K.M. 282 ' since thou didst not know it '. Later Kanys ny S.G. 17.

can is the same woid as the prep, gan 211 ii, iv (i) though possibly with a cons, ending, as it seems to take the rad. canys ' since ' = cann ys ' since it is ' and is often written kannys e.g. IL.A. 9, 10, 13, etc.; the -nn- is simplified because the word is generally unaccented; cf. anad for annat 214 viii. It rarely conies directly before a verb : cans oe8 W.M. 487 =kan oes R.M. 1 26. The neg. kany is for can ny ; it was pi ob. accented on the last s} 11., hence the simplifi- cation of the -nn-. The accent would suffice to distinguish kanys ' since. . not. . him ' from the positive kanys ' since '.

(2) achos ' because ', Ml. W. achaws.

Galw Gwrhyr Gwalltawt leithoeS, achaws yr holl ieitJioeS a wyoyat K.M. 114 'Gwrhyr Gwalstawt leithoedd was called, because he knew all languages'. The conj. is omitted in W.M. 471.

achos 65 ii (i), 215 ii (i). o achos is used before v.n.'s and noun-clauses, and so remains prepositional : Deut. i 36, iv 37, vii 12, Num. xxx 5.

(3) o ran 'for', 215 iii(ia).

Fob byw wrth i ryw yr aeth,

O ran taer yw'r naturiaeth. W.IL., C.IL. 73.

' Every living thing goes after its kind, for nature is insistent.'