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440 221. Many adverbs are improper compounds formed of sentences fused into words. The following may be noted inW. :

i. (i) ysywaeth ' the more the pity ', Ml. W. ysywaeth IL.A. 157, s.G. 252, for ysy waeth ' which is worse '.

(2) gwaethiroeS duw C.M. 30 for gwaetk yr oeb duw(?) ' woe worth the day' ; Gwentian gwaitkiro dduw H.G. 106.

(3) yswaethe'roeS L.G.C. 38, seemingly a confusion of (i) and (2).

ii. (i) agatfydd Gr.O. 262, J.D.R. 134 'perhaps', Ml. W. agatvyb S.G. 224, ac atvyfc vr.M. 2, K.M. 2, for ag a atvyb ( with what will be ' i.e. per- ad venture ; cf. a advo B.B. 8 ' what may happen '.

(2) agattoeS H.M. ii 85 'it might be', ac attoeb K.M. 212, for ag a *ad-koeb ; for *tioeb see 180 ii (3).

(3) ysgatfydd ' perhaps ' i Cor. xv 37 for ys ag a atfydd.

ysgwlr, 'sgwir L.G.C. 444 ' truly ', for yi gwir ' it is true ' ; malpei J.D.R. [xiv] ' as it were ; so to speak' for mat pel ' as it were ' ; sef c this is, that is, namely ', for y% ef.

iv. (i) llyma ' voici ', llyna' voila', for sytt yma 'see here', syll yna 'see there', cf. Bret, setu ' voici, voila' prob. for sellet Jiu ' see ye ' ; cf. syll dy racco E.M. 133.

(2) Mn. W. dyma ' voici ', more fully weldyma B.CW. 24, Late Ml. W. weldyma s.G. 221, for icel dy yma E.M. 58, wely dy yma W.M. 80 ' seest thou here ? ' So Mn. W. dyna ' voila ' for wel dy yna ? and Mn. W. dacw ' see yonder ' for wel dy raccw ? see 173 iii (3). Similarly ducho 'see up above', welducko for wel(y) dy ucho\ disc 'see below', weldiso D.G. 113, dial corr. dusw ; dyfry ' see up ', dobry ' see down ', dyngo ' see close by ' (yngo 210 viii (5)).

CONJUNCTIONS

222. The Welsh conjunctions are the following : i. Annexive : a, ac 'and', (i) The -c of ac is a survival of Ml. spelling 18 ii ; the word is sounded ag, and is treated as ag in cynghanedd, as seen by the correspondences marked below ; cf 111 v (4). In many Mn. MSS. it is written ay.