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 in the Late Ml. period a began to be inserted before it, as ac a ry- umaethoeS W.M. 30 ( 151 ii (2)). The mutation after it was orig. the same as after ny ; thus in direct statements ry chedwis detyf B.B. 14 'he kept the law'; relatival, pawb ry gavas above. The lenition of the relatival form was generalized.

(2) Ml. W. ry - Ir. ro < *pro- : Lat. pro, etc., 156 i (21). The relatival use may be due to the analogy of ny, though it is not im- possible that rel. ry may have been formed like ny itself, by contraction, thus ry < *r(t)o < *pr(o) to.

vi. (i) Positive answers : to questions introduced by a, the answer is the verb repeated, or its equivalent, as gwnaf ' I will do [so] ', except when it is aor. or perf., in which case the answer is do ' yes '. To questions introduced by ai the answer is Ml. W. ief, ieu, Mn. W. t-e ; indirect, Ml. W. mae ef B.M. 29 ' that it is', Mn. W. mai e.

In Ml. W. the verb may be repeated in the aor. also : A ovynneist tl a oe8ger8 ganihwrdf Govynneis W.M. 487 ' Didst thou ask whether they had a craft 1 I did.'

Whether ef W.M. 42 corresponding to mae ef B.M. 29 is a scribal error, or a shorter form of reply, is not clear.

(2) do : Ir. to ' yes'. Thurneysen, Gr. 492, derives the latter from Ar. *tod ' that' ; but W. d- is inconsistent with this. Rhys, LWPh.' 242, assumes that it is the preverb *do, the verb being omitted so that do became a generalized past verb meaning ' he (I, we, etc.) did ' ; *do- survives in Welsh only as the prefix d>j- : Ir. to-, do- Vendryes Gr. 239 ; there are survivals in Ir. of do used as a perfective particle : ndigid 1 milks ', perf. sg. i. do-ommalg, tongid ' swears ', perf. du-cui-tig, Thurneysen Gr. 322. The alternation t- : d- occurs in this, cf. 196 i (3) ; and the answer expected is a verb.

i-ef < *l semo-s ' that [is] so '. *l : Gk. ovrocr-f, Umbr. -t : Goth. ja, O.H.G. ia, E. yea. mai e ' that it is so' ; mai 222 x (2), e as in ai e, see 218 iii.

220. Adverbs of Time, Place, Manner and Measure. i. (i) In Ar., adverbs or words which were later used as adverbs had the following- forms : (a) Bare stems, as *ne 217 iv (i), *pro > Gk. irpo 210 x (i). (b) Cases of noun, adj. and pron. stems, including the nom. sg., as Lat. versus 211 iv (2). (c) Stems with special adverbial suffixes ; see (3) below.

(a) (a) A demonstrative or similar adj. forming with a noun in an oblique case the equivalent of an adverb was often compounded with it as Lat. ho-die. (6) A preposition with its