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§216 object ; thus in heb ganddynt fagail Matt, ix 36 the obj. of heb is bugail, and the obj. of gait, is the suffix, so that the phrase may also take the form heb fugail ganddynt, lit. ' without a shepherd with- them '. Similarly cyn i, wedi i, er i, etc., before verbal nouns; the first prep, governs the v.n., as in cyn i mi ddyfod, which may also be expressed by cyn, dyfod ohonof lit. ' before the coming of me ', i. e. before I come.

ii. (1) hyd yn, hyd ar, hyd at ' as far as, up to, till, to '.

tu a(g), tua(g] l towards ', tiiag at id., parth a(g) id., parth ag at id. ; Ml. W. y gyt a(c), gyt a(c), Mn. W. gyd a(g), gyda(g}> ynghyd a(ff) ' together with ', gyferbyn a(g) ' opposite ', gyfarwyneb a(g) \&^ynglyn a(g) ' in connexion with ', etc.

(3) Ml. and Early Mn. W. vi a, ti a, ef a, efo a, hi a, before vowels vi ag, etc. ' with, together with', literally ' I with ', ' thou with ', etc. The pronoun had lost its pronominal force, and its antecedent was frequently u pronoun of the same person coming immediately before it. Thus :