Page:Morris-Jones Welsh Grammar 0388.png

388 keep ', E. heed, Lat. cassis ; galw ' to call ' < *gal-uen, Vgal- : Lat. gallus, E. call. For two of these v.n.'s, by-w and mar-w, no verbs were formed 204 ii.

Though the classes remained distinct, a v.n. of one class was liable to pass over to the other; thus merwi P 12/1 24 R. 'to die'. From Brit. *lanos (<*p|ru)-s 63 vii(2)) 'full', a v.n. *lan-uen would give *llawnw, from which may come Uanw E.M. 94, llenwi W.M. 23, R.M. 15, llewni R.M. 175. arddelw (now arddel) for arddelwi.

Stems ending in -aw are similarly divided : suffixless adaw 201 ii (2), gwrandaw do. i (8), taraw i (2) above ; with -i, tewi, distewi only (taraw having gone over to the other class). D.G. uses distawu 165, andMn.W. croesawafhas croesawu.

stems having oe or o, whether the latter be original o or a mutation of aw ; thus oedi, troelli, oeri, poethi ; ttonni from llonn ' merry ', cronni from crawn { hoard ' ; torri, cyflogi, arfogi.

Some stems having o take no suffix, as dangos, anfon, adrodd i (i). Ml. W. ccgori W.M. 59, 60, R.M. 42, A.L. i 498, D.G. 134, Can. v 5 is later agaryd M.K. [30], Dat. iii 20, or agor M.K. [32], B.cw. 56 (agori R.M. 174 with punctum delens, 1 late).

some stems having a, which is affected to e ; as ercki, vb. arcAaf; peri, vb. paraf\ senffi, vb. sangaf\ perchi, vb. parckaf; (fefni, vb. dafnaf.

Verbal nouns are also formed by means of other suffixes, as follows :

(1) -aeth in marchogaeth 201 iii (4) (6), and Early Ml. W. gwasanaeth 'to attend, serve', later gwasanaethu.