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344 Indic. pres.: Ml. W. kaffaf 459, cahaf  ii 126, caf  3; keffy  3, 23, 80, etc. (spelt kyffy 3, 460), kehy  120, key do. 293, 57, 118; ceif 25, 43 ≡ ceiff  16, 30; caffwn  34, cawn do. 84, 61; ceffwch  19, cewch  29; caffant  183; keffir  83,  60, keir  85, keffitor  14869/56, O.W. cephitor.

Mn. W. cāf; céi, cái; céiff, cáiff; cáwn; cewch; cā́nt; céir, cáir, § 81 iii (1).

The impf. in Ml. W. has kaff- or ka- in the indic.: cawn 394,  251, caffut  396,  253; subj.: pei caffwn  18,  12. In Mn. W. cáwn, cā́ut, cā́i, etc., and sometimes caffwn etc. in the subj.

The pres. subj. seems to have kaff- chiefly: caffwyf 454 (twice); keffych do. 480 (4 times); kafont, kafoent (f ≡ ff) 4, etc.; but caho Ỻ.A. 150, caont do. 48. Mn. W. has caff- only.

Impv.—The vb. implies an absolutely passive ‘getting’ or ‘catching’ (as ‘catching’ a cold), and so has never been used in the impv. except in the 3rd pers. (or impers.), in which case the command is not addressed to the subject, and its carrying out is independent of his will. The forms are Mn. W. 3rd sg. caffed, caed, 3rd pl. caffent, caent; impers. caffer.

Aorist.—The Ml. W. forms (all of very frequent occurrence except the 2nd pl.) are, sg. 1. keveis, 2. keveist, 3. kavas; pl. 1. kawssom, ‑am, (2. kawssawch), 3. kawssant, ‑ont; impers. kaffat, kahat. (The apparent contraction a geis 253 is almost certainly a scribal error for a ge(ve)is, cf.  395.) The Mn. W. forms are sg. 1. cefais, 2. cefaist, 3. cafas § 175 i (2), later cafodd; pl. 1. cawsom, 2. cawsoch, 3. cawsant. In the 14th cen., the following contracted forms are found, sg. 1. ces D.G. 124, G.Gr. 254; sg. 3. cas D.G. 294; impers. a gat 1299, cad D.G. 189, 409, 429, 430. Later are found cḗs; cḗst; cā́s and cā́dd D. 130, cadd M.K. [61]; impers. cafad B.Br. 6, cā́d; cā́ed (prob. orig. a false spelling of cā́d); cafwyd (cáwd 271, a dial, form used in late verse § 175 iv (5)).

Pluperf.—The forms are Ml. kawsswn, etc., Mn. cawswn, etc., conjugated regularly. In Ml. W. is also found a plup. formed with ‑oeẟ: sg. 1. kawssoeẟwn 278; sg. 2. cawssoeẟut do. 247; sg. 3. kawssoeẟ do. 303, cawssoeẟei ii 170, cawssoeẟ-ẏat  30, ‑at  ii 224; pl. 3. kawssoeẟynt  11. It is seen that the forms are found in Late Ml. . They are also used occasionally by Early Mn. bards, e.g. cawsoedd L.G.C. 18.

Verbal Noun.—Ml. W. caffael. 12, kaffel 8, 141, cael  13,  8 (once, caffu  53). Mn. W. caffael, caffel, cā́el.

There is no *cavael; the form cafael 60 ≡ kaffael  43. Nettlau’s cauael does not exist; the word is gauael (≡ gavael) 7, see below.

(1) gafaelaf ‘I take hold’ is conjugated regularly in Ml. and Mn. W. with the v.n. gavael as stem.