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§ 175 ‘saved, took’, with a-affection differth. 213, kymerth. 9, see § 181 vii (1).

These 3rd sg. aor. forms had come to be regarded in Kelt, as aor. stems, and other persons were formed from them, § 181 vii (1); thus keint. 33 ‘I sang’, keintum. 18a ‘I sang’, ceuntost. 21 ‘thou hast sung’; gweint i 194a ‘I charged’ (in battle).

(1) The impersonal, like the 3rd sg., has various endings. Verbs which take ‑as, ‑es, ‑is, ‑wys in the 3rd sg. have ‑ad, ‑ed, ‑id, ‑w͡yd respec&shy;tive&shy;ly in the im&shy;personal.

‑ad in caffat 141 ‘was had’, cahat. 40, . 27 ‘was had', contract&shy;ed cat. 396, Mn. W. cad D.G. 189, etc. ‘was had’, see § 188 i (6), and in gwelat 51,. 36 ‘were (was) seen’. In the old poetry it is seen in other verbs, as artuad (t ≡ ẟ). 23 ‘was blackened’ se-suinad ib. ‘was conjured (?)’ (redupl. perf.?)

‑ed, after ‑o‑, ‑oe‑: anvonet 84 ‘were sent’, collet do. 472 ‘was lost’, dodet do. 32 ‘was put’, r͑oẟet do. 33 ‘was given’ Mn. W. rhodded. 28, poened. 11, hoeli̯ed 49/54b, etc.

It is also found in ganet. 28, Mn. W. ganed ‘was born’; and in Early Mn. W. gweled D.E. Ỻ 163/119 ‘was seen’ for Ml. gwelat, like gweles for gwelas i (3); Ml. W. r͑ived. i 373, llaẟed do. 220.

‑id, after ‑a‑, ‑aw‑: y delit … ac y carcharwyt. 338 ‘was caught and im&shy;prisoned’, edewit. 58 ‘were left’, eẟewit. 162 ‘was promised’. Only the context, as seen in the first example, shows that this is not the imperf., which ends in ‑id in all verbs. In Mn. W. ‑id aor. gave place to ‑wyd to avoid the ambiguity: dali̯wyd ‘was caught’, gada(w)wyd ‘was left’.

‑wyd, as in magwyt. 33 ‘was reared’, gollyngwyt, r͑yẟhawyt do. 25 ‘was released, was set free’, cyweirwyt do. 26 ‘was prepared’, treulwyt ib. ‘was spent’, gommeẟwyt ib. ‘was refused’, etc., etc. This is the usual ending in Mn. W., and has super&shy;seded the others except in a few forms like ganed ‘was born’, rhoed ‘was put’, etc.—Reduced to ‑wt § 78 i (2), whence dial. cawd § 188 i (6).

The *‑t‑ of this suffix came without an intervening vowel after some roots ending in ‑d‑, early enough to give "W". ‑s for the group ‑dt- § 87 ii. Thus llas. 89 ‘was killed’, also in Early Mn. W. and later, beside llaẟwyt H.D. 67/277 .; klas D.E.  17/478. ‘was buried’, usually claẟwyt. 89; gwŷs D.G. 236 ‘is known’.


 * Ef a’m llas i a’m nasiwn
 * Yr awr y llas yr iarll hwn.—G.G1., . i 193.

‘I was slain and my nation the hour that this earl was slain.’

Some verbs take ‑pwyd, which is generally added to the perf. or aor. stem; thus aethpwyt. 59 ‘there was a going’, deuthpwyt do. 141 or doethpwyt do. 96 ‘there was a coming’, gwnaeth&shy;pwyt do. 32 ‘was done’. In these three verbs the form persisted and is the standard Mn. form, as used e.g. in the Bible; but in Recent W., dial, and quasi-dial. forms aed, deuwyd (dial. dowd), gwnaed are also found.

Other examples are ducpwyt. 28 ‘were brought’ (perf. st. dug‑