Page:Morris-Jones Welsh Grammar 0307.png

§ 168 prefixed or infixed pronouns it means ‘own’, as fy llyfr fy hun ‘my own book’.

fy hun, dy hun, etc. always stand in an adverbial case, meaning literally ‘by myself’, etc.; they do not replace a pronoun or pronom&shy;inal element, but  it. Thus euthum fy hun ‘I went by myself’ (not *aeth fy hun ‘myself went’); fy nhŷ fy hun ‘my own house’ (not *tŷ fy hun ‘the house of myself’); amcanodd ei ladd ei hun Act. xvi 27; cf. 1 Ioan i 8; Iago 122; 2 Tim. ii 13; efe a’i dibris&shy;iodd ei hun Phil. ii 7; similarly arnat dy hun 1 Tim. iv 16 (not *ar dy hun); ynddo ei hun Es. xix 17 (not *yn ei hun); drostun e‑hunein Ỻ.A. 37 (not *dros e hunein), etc. The reflexive ym‑ counts as a pronoun: ymroẟi e‑hun Ỻ.A. 120, cf. 89 and i 176. (In collo&shy;quial Welsh i hun is used alone as the object of a verb or v.n., as wedi lladd i hun instead of wedi i ladd i hun, and this neologism occurs in recent writings; but in other con&shy;nexions the old construc&shy;tion survives, thus mi af fy hun, arnat dy hun etc.) But after a conjunc&shy;tion joining it to another clause the pronoun which it supple&shy;ments is not necessari&shy;ly expressed; thus nyt archaf inheu ẏ neb govyn vy iawn namyn my hun 64 ‘I will bid no one demand my indemnity but myself; nad oes o’r tu yma ’r un ond fy hunan  68 ‘that there is on this side none but myself; yn uch no my‑hun Ỻ.A. 67 ‘higher than myself’.—When put at the head of the sentence fy hun etc. are followed by the adverbial rel. y (yẟ, yr), as vy hun yr af I.D. 35 lit. ‘[it is] myself that I will go’; canys ei hunan y gelwais ef, ac y bendith&shy;iais, ac yr amlheais ef Es. li 2.

un ‘one’ has a derivative *un-an lost in W. but surviving in Corn. onon, onan, Bret. unan; this and the fact that hun, hunan express ‘alone’ make it probable that the ‑un in these is the numeral. But Corn. ow honan, Ml. Bret. ma hunan show that the h‑ in W. fy h‑unan is not merely accentual. Before u it may represent either *s‑ or *su̯‑; thus hun may be from *su̯’oinom < *su̯e oinom (limiting accu&shy;sative); the reflexive *su̯e might stand for any person at first (Brugmann² II ii 397), but personal pronouns were after&shy;wards prefixed, thus *me su̯’oinom > my hun. The u in Ml. mu etc. is due to assim. to the u of hun.

i. (1) Subst. pawb ‘everybody’. Though sometimes treated as pl., e.g. pawb a debygynt 463 ‘everybody thought’, pawb a’m gadawsant 2 Tim. iv 16, pawb is, like Eng. everybody, properly sg., and is mas. in construc&shy;tion:

Adj. pob [rad.] ‘every’. It sometimes forms improper compounds with its noun; as popeth (≡ poppeth for pobpeth)