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§ 163 glwy waeth L.M. 145 ‘dangerous to men, what disease [is] worse?’ a pha ’r gledi sydd arno ’rŵan  73 ‘and what hardship does he suffer now?’—pa ryw un ‘which (partic&shy;ular) one?’ becomes pa r’un M.Ỻ. i 182, which is very common in Gwynedd, and is sometimes further reduced to p’r’un.

pa or py might have a postfixed preposition, § 47 iv. Of the expres&shy;sions so formed only pahám ‘why?’ survives; often contract&shy;ed to pam which is at least as early as. Others in use in Ml. W. are pa-har and pa rac or py rac; for refer&shy;ences see § 47 iv.

The forms pwy bynnag, peth bynnag, beth bynnag, pa beth bynnag, pa..bynnag, etc., have lost their inter&shy;rogative meaning, and are used as “universal” relatives, meaning ‘whosoever’, ‘what&shy;so&shy;ever’, ‘what … soever’.

Pwybynnac a vynnho Ỻ.A. 138 “Quicunque vult”. Peth bynnac o garueiẟ&shy;rwyẟ a vei yrung&shy;thunt 6 ‘what&shy;so&shy;ever of blandish&shy;ment there was between them.’ A Duw a vyẟ ẏ gyt a thi beth&shy;bynnac a wnelych Ỻ.A. 105–6 ‘And God will be with thee whatever thou doest’. By ẟyn bynnac vych, by gerẟ a vettrych 1256 ‘what man soever thou art, what craft [soever] thou art skilled in’. pa ddaioni bynnag a wnelo pob un Eph. vi 8.

In S.W. dialects bynnag loses its final ‑g, and in late S.W. it sometimes appears as bynna or benna. We also find in Late Mn. W. bynnag put before pa, peth, as Bynnag beth sydd mewn creadur Wms. 294 ‘what&shy;so&shy;ever is in a creature’; bynnag pa ’r fodd i 82, 97 ‘however’; though used here by W.M., it does not seem to be a N.W. construc&shy;tion. A dialectal form in S.W. of bynnag is gynnag,