Page:Morris-Jones Welsh Grammar 0274.png

274 an affixed accu&shy;sative § 160 iii (1): llyma efo 160 ‘see him here’; mostly following other pronouns: gwassa&shy;naetha di evo  185 ‘serve thou him’, cf. 164, 168, 170, 198, 280; the transi&shy;tion to the indep. use is seen in a thra guẟẏych ti evo, evo a’th guẟ ditheu 173 ‘and while thou hidest it, it will hide thee’. The form efo is prob. for *efoeẟ § 78 i (1); this implies *émii̯o‑, and may be acc. *em-ei̯om: cf. Lat. gloss im-eum “🇬🇷” < *im-ei̯om.

The conj. pronouns are re-forma&shy;tions based upon yntau which is for *hynn-teu (loss of h- on the anal. of ef) < Brit. *séndos tou̯os ‘this other, the other’; *tou̯os < *tuu̯os: Skr. tvaḥ, tuaḥ ‘other’, mostly repeated tvaḥ&#8203;…&#8203;tvaḥ ‘the one&#8203;…&#8203;the other’; the word is always un&shy;accented in Skr.; this is also the condition to give  eu in W. § 76 iii (2). The origin is seen clearly in naill&#8203;…&#8203;yntau from *sendod álli̯od&#8203;…&#8203;séndod tou̯od; cf. Skr. tvad&#8203;…&#8203;tvad ‘at one time&#8203;…&#8203;at another’ or with tvad after the second member only. When *hynn teu came to mean ‘he too’ a fem. *hih teu was formed giving hitheu; then followed *mim teu > mynheu, minneu; *tīt teu > titheu; and on these are modelled the pl. forms.

Dependent personal pronouns are either  or.

Prefixed pronouns, (1) The following stand in the genitive case immediate&shy;ly before a noun or verbal noun; the mutation following each is given after it in square brackets. For the aspi&shy;ration of initial vowels see § ii (5).

Sg. 1. fỿ, f’, ’ỿ, ’, [nasal], 2. dỿ’, d’ [soft], 3. Ml. y, Mn. i, late mis&shy;spelling ei [m. soft, f. spirant]; pl. 1. Ml. an, ỿn, Mn. ỿn, late mis&shy;spelling ein [rad.], 2. Ml. awch, ỿch, late mis&shy;spelling eich [rad.], 3. eu (sometimes Ml. y, Mn. i) [rad.].

These pronouns are always pro&shy;clitics, and are never accented; when emphasis is required an affixed auxiliary pronoun is added to receive it; thus dy ben dī́ ‘ head’.

Before a vowel fỿ ‘my’, dy ‘thy’ tend to lose their ỿ, and f’, d’ occur frequent&shy;ly in poetry: f’annwyl § 38 vi, f’erchwyn § 38 ix, f’annerch § 136 ii, f’w͡yneb § 38 iv; d’eos § 110 iii (2), d’adwyth D.G. 35, d’adnabod do. 147.

fỿ often becomes ’ỿ, see § 110 iii (2). This occurs only when the initial of the noun is nasalized, i.e. when its radical is an explosive (or m- in f. nouns: ’ỿ mam § 110 iii (2), ’ỿ modryb 13 ‘my aunt’), for otherwise ’ỿ could not be distin&shy;guished from the article y; as it is, it cannot be distin&shy;guished from un&shy;accented yn ‘in’ (’ỿ mhénn ‘my head’, ỿmhenn ‘at the end [of]’), except by the context.—When the f- vanishes as above, the ỿ is liable to be lost after a vowel, leaving only the following nasal initial to represent the pronoun: