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§ 157 ann- [soft] < *ando- < *n̥‑do‑: Lat. en-do‑, in-du‑, E. in-to; ánnedd § 63 ii; ánnerch ‘greeting’ < *n̥d(o)‑erk‑, √ereq- ‘speak’ § 63 iii; én-byd ‘dangerous’ (enbyd! ‘beware!’ in Festiniog quarries) < *n̥do-pit‑: pyd ‘danger’ < *qu̯i‑t‑, √qou̯ēi̯- ‘be ware’: Lat. caveo, Grk. 🇬🇷: W. rhý-buẟ ‘warning’ < *pro-qu̯ei‑d‑; án-rheg ‘gift’: rheg ‘gift’ < *prek‑, án-rhaith ‘prize, booty; *bride, dear one’ < *n̥do-prek‑t‑, √pereq- ‘acquire, buy’: Lith. perkù, ‘I buy’, Gk. 🇬🇷 (*‑pr̥q-sqō), extension of √per- in Gk. 🇬🇷; án-fon < *n̥do-mon- § 100 iv; ani̯an ‘nature’ < *n̥do-g̑ₑn‑: Lat. in-genium.

dann- [soft] < *d(o)-ando‑; dánfon: anfon above; dán-gos ‘to show’ (S. W. dáŋ-gos; in N. W. with late assim. of ‑g‑, dáŋŋos) < *d(o)-ando-kons‑, √k̑ens‑: Lat. censeo, Skr. s̑ąsati ‘recites, praises, reports, shows’.

y‑, e- [nasal] < *en- ‘in’; emhennyẟ 23 (from .) ‘brain’, cf. ii 107, 337, emennyẟ 54,  270 < *en-qu̯enníi̯o‑: Bret. em-penn, Corn. empinion, ympynnyon;  mh- persisted in Mn. W., see 140, o ’mhoen (read o’m hun)/ymhennydd D.G. 501; the usual form yménnydd with abnormal loss of ‑h- before the accent may be due to early contami&shy;nation with a form contain&shy;ing *eni‑; the form in Ir. is in-chinn < *eni-qu̯enn‑.

he- < *sem‑; hebrwng § 99 vi.

han- < *sani‑: Ir. sain ‘separate’, W. gwa-han-u, Lat. sine, E. sun-der, Skr. sanitúr ‘besides, without’; in hán-fod ‘being from, coming from, origin, essence’.

i. No compound has more than  elements; but any element may itself be a compound. Thus anhyfryd ‘un&shy;pleasant’ is compound&shy;ed not of an + hy + bryd but of an + hyfryd, though hyfryd itself is a compound of hy + bryd; similarly hardd-deg ymdrech 1 Tim. vi 12 is a loose compound, each of whose elements hardd-deg and ym-drech is itself a compound. All compounds must be so analysed by succes&shy;sive bi&shy;sections.


 * Deurúddloyw̯ fis dewisaf,
 * Dyred a’r haul daradr haf.—G.Gr., 51/49.

‘Most exquisite bright-cheeked month, bring the sun of summer ray.' Deurúẟloyw fis is a loose compound; its first element is a compound of deuruẟ and gloyw, deuruẟ itself being compound&shy;ed of dau ‘two’ and gruẟ ‘cheek’.

(1) In compounds of three syllables in which the first element is a compound, as pengrỿ́ch-lon D.G. 74 ‘curly-headed [and] merry’, a strong secondary accent on the first syllable often becomes a separate accent, and the syllable breaks loose, resulting in an illogical division; thus hī́r féin-wyn D.G. 16, for hirféin-wyn, a compound of hír-fain ‘long slender’ and gwyn ‘white’; téw góed-allt do. 328 for tewgóed-allt < téw-goed (do. 157) ‘thick trees’ and (g)allt ‘copse’; gárw̯ flóedd-