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266 native prefix, and gives W. di‑, as díffyg ‘defect’ < dē-fic‑.—Excep&shy;tional mutation: dí-chell ‘wile’ < *dē-sqel(p)tā, √sqelep‑: W. celfyddyd ‘craft’ etc. § 99 ii (2); dí-chlyn ‘exact, cautious, circum&shy;spect’, as v.n. ‘to choose, discrim&shy;inate’ < *dē-sql̥‑n‑, √sqel- ‘split, separate’; dí-chlais ‘break (of day)’ < *dē-s-qləd-ti- or *dē-kkl- for *dē-kl- § 99 v (4), √qolād- ‘strike, break’: W. clais ‘bruise’, archoll (6) above; díchon, dígon § 196 ii (2); W. dídawl, dídol for *dí-ẟawl (ẟ&#8203;…&#8203;l > d&#8203;…&#8203;l § 102 iii (2)): gwá-ẟawl ‘endowment’, Ir. fo-dāli ‘deals out' < *dōl‑: W. ethol < *dol‑, see § 97 ii.

dis- before t- < dē‑s‑, where s is the initial of the second element, often lost in the simple form: dí-stadl § 96 ii (3); distrych ‘foam’ < *dē-str̯k‑, √stereq‑: W. trwyth ‘wash, lye’ § 99 v (3); dí-staw ‘silent’: taw ‘be silent’ < *stuu̯- < *stup‑, √steup/bh‑: Ger. stumm ‘dumb’, Lat. stupeo: E. dumb, √dheubh- (dh/st- alter&shy;nation). Before other conso&shy;nants < *dē-eks‑, as in dísglair § 201 iii (6). Also from Lat. dē‑s- as in disgyn(n) < dē-scend‑.

dir- [soft] ‘vehemently’ Richards, ‘truly’ < *dēru-: dīr ‘true’, Ar. base *dereu̯- ‘hard’ § 137 ii; dír-boen or dī́r bóen ‘great pain’, dír-fawr ‘very great’, dír-gel ‘secret’.—Excep&shy;tional mutation: dír-myg ‘contempt’ < *dēru-smi‑k‑, √smei- ‘smile’; here dir- is not neces&shy;sarily neg. for beside ‘admi&shy;ration’ as in ermyg, edmyg § (6) above, we have ‘mockery’ from the same root, as in W. tre-myg ‘insult’, O.H.G. bi-smer ‘mockery’; nor in dir-west ‘absti&shy;nence’, which is literally ‘hard diet’, cf. E. fast.

dỿ- [soft] ‘to, together’, often merely intensive < Brit. *do‑; dỿ́-fɥn ‘summons’: mỿnnu ‘to will’; dỿ-gỿ́nnull v.n. ‘gather together’, dỿ-gỿfor 1 ‘muster’; dỿ-wéddi ‘fiancée’. In a few cases it inter&shy;changes with ty-, as Ml. W. dy-wallaw v.n. ‘to pour (into)’: Mn. W. týwallt ‘pour’; dỿ́-ret ‘come!’: tỿ́-red ‘come!’; very rarely tỿ- alone is found, as tỿ-wỿsog ‘prince’. Except. mut.: dỿ‑ch- < *do-sk- or *do-kk- before r, l; as dỿ́-chryn ‘fright’: crynu ‘tremble’, yscrid 31 ‘trembles’, Bret. skrija ‘to tremble from fear’; dỿ́-chlud: cludo ‘to carry’. Hence dỿch- in dỿch-lámu ‘to leap up’.—In old compounds the o of do- was retained when the vowel of the root was lost § 65 iv (2), and might in that case be affected to e, as dé-dw̯‑ɥẟ § 100 ii (1).

dad- [soft] < *d(o)-áte- see (1) above: (a) intensive; dát-gan v.n. ‘proclaim’: canu ‘sing’; (b) ‘un‑’ (as in ‘un-do’); dàd-lẃytho v.n. ‘to unload’, etc. The unacc. o of *do- was elided before a vowel.

dam- [soft] < *d(o)-ambe‑, see § (4); dám-sang ‘to trample’: sengi ‘to tread’; dám-wain ‘accident’: ar-wain ‘to lead’: √u̯eg̑h‑. Also dỿm‑; Ml. damunet, Mn. dymúniad ‘desire’ for *dym-fun‑: ar-o-fun ‘intend’ § 100 v. The m usually remains unchanged, but seems to have become n by dissimil. in dan-waret § 63 vii (5), unless the prefix here is dan- below.

dan- [soft] < *d(o)-ando‑; dán-fon, see § ii (1) below.

dar- [soft] < *d(o)-are- < *do-pₑri‑; dár-fod ‘to have happened’ § 190 i; dar-óstwng ‘to subdue’: go-stwng ‘to suppress’ < *u̯o(s)-&#32;