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§ 156 In the example llḗd féirw is a loose, llĕ́d-fyw a strict, compound. In Late Mn. W., lled usually forms loose compounds and means ‘rather’.

lled is also compounded with nouns, as lléd-ran ‘half-share’, lléd-wyl ‘half-holiday’, lléd-fryd ‘listless&shy;ness’, lléd-i̯aith ‘brogue, foreign accent’, lled ymyl ‘border near edge’.

pur ‘very’, as pur-ẟu, pur-wynn 151, pur-goch 154; pur-iawn ‘very well’, now púri̯on. It now forms loose compounds mostly, as pur dda ‘very good’. Used after its noun as an ordinary adj. it means ‘pure’.

i. The first element of a compound may be a prefix, which was original&shy;ly an adverb or prepo&shy;sition. Some other vocables of adj. or noun origin have become mere prefixes; for conve&shy;nience of reference these are included in the following list. Where the mutation of the initial after the prefix is fairly regular, it is noted in square brackets. Most of the prefixes form verb-compounds also, and some are oftener so used; hence it is conve&shy;nient to include verbal nouns and verbs in the examples.

ad- [soft] < Brit. ate‑: Gaul. ate- < Kelt. *ati‑: Skr. ati ‘over, beyond’; ati- ‘very’; § 222 i (3). Three distinct meanings occur in W.: (a) ‘very’, át-gas § 111 v (1) ‘hateful’; (b) ‘second’, át-gno ‘chewing the cud’, ád-ladd ‘aftermath’, hence ‘bad’ as ád-flas ‘after-taste, ill taste’; (c) ‘over again, re‑’, ád-lam ‘a leap back’, áteb (< *ad-heb) ‘reply’, ád-lais ‘echo’.

aẟ- before a vowel or f (from m) < Brit. *ad‑: Lat. ad; intensive; ádd-oer ‘very cold’, ádd-fwyn, ádd-fain § 93 ii (3). Before a tenuis it is a- followed by the spirant mutation, as áchas § 93 ii (2), áthrist ‘very sad’: trist ‘sad’. Before a media it is a- followed by the radical, ágarw ‘very rough’: garw § 93 ii (3); but before d- it is a- followed by ẟ, as a-ẟef § 93 iii (1), a-ẟail, etc. With initial s- it gives as‑, as in as-gloff ‘lame’ < *ad-skloppos < vulg. Lat. cloppus *sclopus: W. cloff ‘lame’. Before l- or r- followed by ī̆ it gives ei- as in eirif § 104 iv (3); eiẟil ‘feeble’, met. for *eiliẟ § 102 iv (2) < *ed-līd- < *ad-lēd‑, √lēd-: Lat. lassus, Gk. 🇬🇷 ‘to be fatigued’ Hes., § 204 i. In aberth, aber § 93 ii (3) it means ‘to’ (or is aber < *n̥-bher‑?; cf. Gael. Inver‑).

all- < Brit. *allo‑: Gaul. allo- ‘other’ § 100 iii (2); áll-fro ‘foreigner’; áll-tud ‘exile’.

am‑, ỿm- [soft] < Brit. ámbe‑, ambí‑: Gaul. 🇬🇷: Gk. 🇬🇷 Lat. amb‑, ambi- § 63 v (2);—(a) ‘around’: ám-gorn ‘ferrule’, ám-gylch ‘circuit’, ám-do ‘shroud’, am-ddiffyn ‘defence’; hence (b) ‘on each side, mutual’, ým-ladd ‘battle’, ým-drech ‘struggle’, ym-gýnnull ‘a gathering together’; hence (c) reflexive, as ym-olchi