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§ 153 The idea that ‑gar means ‘loving’ (caru ‘to love’), which clearly cannot be the case in epilgar, enillgar, dengar, etc., has resulted in the formation in the late period of new adjec&shy;tives in which it bears that meaning; as gwladgar ‘patriotic’, ariangar ‘money-loving’. But many new forma&shy;tions in the dialects preserve the original force of the suffix, as sgilgar ‘skilful’ from E. skill. It need hardly be added that Stokes’s implied expla&shy;nation of trugar as ‘loving the wretched’ Fick⁴ ii 138 is fanciful, as also the popular expla&shy;nation of hawddgar as ‘easy to love’.

‑ig, Ml.W. ‑ic < Kelt. *‑īkos: Skr. ‑īka‑ḥ, Lat. ‑īc‑, Gk. 🇬🇷; as unig ‘only, lonely’, deheuig ‘dexterous’, lloerig ‘lunatic’, bonheddig ‘gentle‑’, etc.; O.W. cisemic gl. primus.

‑in < Kelt. *‑īnos: Skr. ‑īna‑ḥ, Gk. 🇬🇷 Lat. ‑īnus, Lith. ‑ynas (y ≡ ī); it is added to names of materials, as in derwin i 191 ‘oaken’, lletrin  9 ‘leathern’, meinin E.P.  xviii 29 ‘of stone’, daeerin, heyernin § 75 vi (3); and to adjec&shy;tives as gerwin ‘rough’ (garw ‘rough’), gwer&shy;thefin ‘highest’, cysefin ‘primitive’ § 95 iii (3), cf. O.W. cisemic above.

‑lawn, Mn.W. ‑lawn, ‑lon ‘‑ful’ = llawn ‘full’, § 63 vii (2); as ffrwyth&shy;lon ‘fruitful’, prydlon ‘punctual’, heddych&shy;lon ‘peaceful’, bodlon § 111 vii (1), etc.

‑lyd, after n or r ‑llyd, Ml.W. ‑lyt, ‑llyt ‘covered with’ < *(p)l̥t‑, √plethē- § 63 viii (1); as llychlyt 145 ‘dusty’, dysdlyt chwein&shy;llyt do. 146 ‘dusty flea-infested’, seimlyd ‘greasy’, rhydlyd ‘rusty’, creulyd, gwaedlyd ‘bloody’, tomlyd ‘dungy’, tanllyd ‘fiery’. When added to adjec&shy;tives it is the equiv&shy;alent of lled‑ ‘rather’: Ir. leth ‘half’, which is ulti&shy;mately from the same root (‘*stretch out > *surface > *side > half’); as gwanllyd ‘rather weak’, oerllyd ‘coldish’.

‑us < Lat. ‑ōsus; originally in Lat. derivatives as dolurus ‘sore’ < Lat. dolōrōsus, llafurus, Ml.W. llafurẏus < Lat. labōri&shy;ōsus; as the nouns dolur, llafur had also been borrowed the adjec&shy;tives seemed to be formed from these by the addition of an adj. suff. ‑us, which was sub&shy;sequently added to W. forms, gweddus ‘seemly’ (gwedd § 63 iv), clodus, clodforus ‘renowned’, grymus ‘strong’, etc.

.—melus is a late mis&shy;spelling; melys ‘sweet’ has y, as melis (i ≡ y § 16 ii (2)) 83, 101, melys  3, Ỻ.A. 42, 70,  208, melyster Ỻ.A. 129, 149,  44. The error is due to the late levelling of u and ɥ, § 15 i, and the false notion that the word is formed from mêl ‘honey’ by the addition of ‑us. In derived forms the sound is ỿ as melỿsach, as opposed to grymusach, and the v.n. is melỿsu D.W. 112, as opposed to grymuso, see § 202 iii, iv (Pughe’s meluso is a fiction). melys is cognate with Ir. milis, and is clearly a direct deriv&shy;ative of Ar. base *meleit- § 87 ii, and so is many centuries older than any form in ‑us, a suffix borrowed from Lat.

Rh