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230 person’, gwreigan ‘little woman’; this appears in late Brit. as ‑agn‑; in Ir. it is ‑ān; see § 104 ii (1);—‑ell, as in i̯ỿrchell ‘a roe’, < Brit. *‑ellā or *‑illā;—‑ig, as in oenig ‘lamb’, < Brit. *‑īkā;—‑cyn, f. ‑cen, sometimes added to contracted personal names, as Hwlcyn for Hywel, appears to be comparatively late, and may be from E. ‑kin. Abstract and collective noun endings, etc.: (1) ‑ach as cyfeillach ‘friendship’ cyfrinach ‘secret’ (< *‑aksā, v.n. suffix § 203 i (3) (4)).

‑aeth ‘act’ < *‑aktā, § 203 i (1), as in gwasanaeth ‘service’ < *u̯o-ssān-āktā < *u̯po-stā-no-aktā § 96 ii (2); as *gwasan does not occur, the suffix is here felt to be ‑ánaeth. It takes the form ‑i̯aeth from stems in ‑i̯, thus added to ‑aid in dysg-éid-i̯aeth ‘learning’; hence hynáfi̯aeth ‘antiquity’, gofáni̯aeth ‘smithing’; hence ‑ániaeth in gw̯lỿbáni̯aeth ‘wet weather’. So ‑ḯaeth as marsiandḯaeth ‘commerce’; ‑nḯaeth as saernḯaeth ‘workmanship’, mechnḯaeth ‘surety’. In arglwyddḯaeth, arglẃyddi̯aeth both accentuations occur, see Arglwyddḯaeth (4 syll.) D.G. 8; Gw̯ledd Dduw a’i arglwyddḯaeth Gut.O. 146/397. ‘The feast of God and his Lordship’: Pe talai’r ŵydd arglẃyddi̯aeth D.G. 210 ‘If the goose paid tribute’. The form in Late W. is the last. The ending is also added to verbal adjectives in ‑adwy, ‑edig, as ofnadwyaeth ‘terror’, poenedigaeth ‘torture’, erledigaeth for erlidedigaeth § 44 iv. It is also seen in ‑adaeth, ‑dabaeth, ‑debaeth, ‑wri̯aeth, etc.

‑aid, Ml. W. ‑eit < *‑ati̯o‑s, *‑ati̯ā: llwyaid § 139 iii.

‑aint, Ml. W. ‑eint: henaint ‘old age ’ ; dioddefaint ‘suffering’ § 203 ii (3), q.v.

‑an: cusan ‘kiss’, chwiban ‘whistle’, v.n. suff. § 203 vi (1).

‑as < *assā: teyrnas f. ‘kingdom’; also ‑i̯as, as trigi̯as ‘residence’: Ir. ‑as m. < *‑assu- (: Goth. ‑assu‑): ?*‑ət‑tā, *‑ət‑tu‑.

‑awd, ‑od, Ml. W. ‑awt < *‑āt‑: traethawd 'treatise' < Lat. tractātus; molawd ‘praise’: Ir. molad; used to denote the stroke of a weapon cleẟyfawt, etc. § 139 iii < *‑ātiō.

‑deb, ‑dab, ‑dábaeth, ‑débaeth, ‑íneb, ‑ínab all contain *ap- < *əq$u̯$‑, √ōq$u̯$‑ like Lat. antīquus, Skr. prátīka‑m ‘face’ and W. wyneb § 100 v. In ‑deb *ap‑ is added to a ‑ti- stem, in ‑ineb to Brit. ‑īni- (as in brenin iv (10)); ´‑i̯a‑ > i̯e > e § 65 vi; in ‑dab ‑inab to allied adj. stems in ‑to‑, ‑īno- (cf. Brugmann² II i 285); ´‑oa‑ > ´‑ā‑ > a. Silvan Evans states s.v. duwdab that ‑dab etc. are “local forms”, meaning that the ‑a- is Gwyn. a for e, § 6 iii, which is absurd, for dial. a does not extend to the penult as in ‑dabaeth (dial, atab, atebodd, not *atabodd). The forms with a occur before any trace of dial. a, and are used by writers of all parts: diweirdap 14/2. (circa 1250), dewindabaeth. 16, 38, 41, 42, 93; doethinab  117. (c. 1285), fac. opp. p. 1 (c. 1310–1330); cowreindab S.T., Ỻ 169/39 .; hydab L.G.C. 195; geudab Ps. lxii 9.
 * Y Drindod a ro undab
 * Er deigr Mair deg ar i Mab.—T.A. . ii 78.

Printed dro. ‘The Trinity bring about union for the sake of fair Mary’s tear for her Son.’