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168 The order of the changes was the following: y n ‘in’ + B angor first became y m B angor, and then y m M angor. The recent spelling y n M angor is therefore not only a misrepresentation of the present sound, but a falsification of its history.

(1) Brit. mb, nd, ŋg became respectively mm, nn, ŋŋ: they remain so in W., mm being generally written m; nn finally written -n (but -nn in monosyllables in Ml. W.); ŋŋ written ng (and Ml. W. gg or g); see § 51 iv, § 54 i (2). Thus W. cwm ‘valley’ < Brit. *kumbo-, √qeub/p- ‘curve’: Lat. cūpa, &#8209;cumbo, Gk. κύμβος, etc.;—W. cam ‘bent, crooked’ < Brit. *kambo-: Gaul. Cambo-dūnum, Gallo-Lat. cambiāre: Lat. campus (orig. ‘vale’), Gk. καμπή, κάμπτω, √qamb/p- ‘curve’;—W. twnn ‘bruised, broken’ f. tonn < Brit. *tund-os, -ā: Lat. tundo, Skr. tundate ‘strikes’, √(s)teu&#8209;d&#8209;;—W. tonn ‘wave’ < Brit. *tundā < *tum-dā: Lat. tumeo, W. tyfu, √teu̯āˣ- ‘swell’;—W. cann ‘white’, cannu ‘to whiten’, llóer-gan ‘moon-lit’ < *qand&#8209;: Lat. candeo, Gk. κάνδαρος < *qand&#8209;, beside W. cynneu ‘to kindle’, cynne ‘a burning’, cynnud ‘firewood’, Ir. condud < *qond&#8209;: Skr. cand&#8209;, s̑cand&#8209; ‘shine’ < *(s)qend&#8209;: √sqand&#8209;/&#8203;sqend&#8209;;—W. llong ‘ship’ < Lat. longa;—W. angel < Lat. angelus.—So before a sonant, as Cymro pl. Cymry < Brit. *kom-brog-os, &#8209;ī;—W. amrwd ‘raw’: brwd § 63 vii (4);—Cyngreawdr § 104 iii (2);—except where the nasal has become a media § 99 vi (1).—The double nasal was simplified after an unaccented syllable § 27 ii, and before a sonant § 54 i (3).

Kelt. ng$u̯$ (< Ar. nɡ$u̯$h) was unrounded and gave ŋŋ, as in llyngyr, angerdd § 92 v. When ŋŋ came before a sonant, including u̯, it was first simplified to ŋ and then lost, as in ewin, tafod, see ib. So we have nawraẟ 1331,  [372] ‘nine degrees’ < Brit. *nou̯aŋ-grad- (navg̃raẟ 42 may have old ŋ, but is prob. analogical);—W. cyni (one n) ‘trouble’ < *koŋnīm- < *kon-gnī-mu- § 203 vii (4);—W. aren ‘kidney’, Ir. āru < *aŋr- < Kelt. *aŋg$u̯$r- < *anɡ$u̯$hr-, √aneɡ$u̯$h&#8209;: Gk. νεφρός, Lat. Praenest. nefrōnēs, Lanuv. nebrundinēs