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§ 101 lūceo, Gk. λευκός, W. llug ‘light’: W. go-leu ‘light’, Gaul. Lugu‑, √leuq/ɡ‑—So Lat. porca, W. rhych ‘furrow’ < *pr̯k̑: W. turio ‘to delve’ < *torg̑i̯- (t- for p- § 86 ii (3)); W. tyrchio ‘to delve’ is a late form from twrch = Lat. porcus, prob. allied to the above words despite Armen. herk ‘newly ploughed land’ which implies ‑q‑; (Lith. par̃szas ‘pig’ implies ‑k̑‑); see § iv (1).

In the same position an aspirated media alternated with a media:—W. oen ‘lamb’, O. E. ēanian ‘yean’ < *aɡ$u̯$hn‑: Gk. ἀμνός < *aɡ$u̯$n‑: Lat. agnus ambiguous;—Skr. budhná‑ḥ ‘bottom’, Gk. πυθμήν < *bhudh‑: O. E. botm < *bhud‑: W. bôn ‘bottom’ < Kelt. *budn‑ó- ambiguous.

An aspirated tenuis alternated with an aspirated media:—Skr. nakhá‑ḥ ‘nail’: Ir. ingen, W. ewin, Lat. unguis, Lith. nãgas ‘nail’.

Initially a tenuis alternated with an aspirated media, more rarely with a media. Thus W. craidd, Lat. cord‑, Gk. καρδία, Lith. szirdìs, E. heart, Sk. s̑rad‑, all from k̑‑: Skr. hŕ̥d‑, Av. zərədā, from *g̑h‑;—Ir. cingim ‘I go, stride’, W. rhy-gyngu ‘to amble’, Ir. cēimm ‘stride’, W. cam id. < *k̑n̥ɡh-smen‑: Germ. Gang, E. gang-way, Gk. κοχώνη for *καχώνη < *g̑hn̥ɡh‑, Lith. žengiù ‘I step, stride’ < *g̑henɡh‑; cf. √sk̑eɡ- § 96 iii (1);—Lat. porcus, Ir. orc, torc, W. twrch, O. H. G. far(a)h < *p‑: O. H. G. barah, O. E. bearh < *bh‑;—O.Lat. dingua, O. H. G. zunga, E. tongue < *d‑: Ir. tenge, W. tafod, Corn. tavot, Bret. teod < *t‑, see § 92 v, § 97 v (2);—W. erch ‘grey, speckled’, Gk. περκνός: W. brych, brith ‘speckled’, bwrw ‘cast, sprinkle’, see § 97 v (3). As in the last equation, several examples occur in W. and Ir. of b- for p- pointing to the alternation of p‑: b(h)- before the disappearance of p- in Kelt. Thus Lat. pūs, puter, Gk. πῦον, πῡ́θομαι, Goth. fūls, E. foul, Skr. pū́yati ‘putrefies, stinks’, √peu(āˣ)‑, pēu‑: W. baw ‘dirt’ < *b(h)eu‑, budr ‘dirty’ < *b(h)eu‑tr‑; also with i̯ for u̯, iv (1), Lat. paedor < *pai̯‑d‑, √pēi̯‑: W. baeddu ‘to dirty’ < *b(h)ai‑d- (‑d- present);—Lith. plùskos ‘hair’, O. E. flēos, E. fleece, Ger. FliessVlies [sic], √pleus‑: W. blew ‘hair’ (mostly of animals, not of man’s head in W., as in Corn, and Bret.) < *b(h)leus‑;—Lat. pasco, Gk. πατέομαι, Goth. fōdjan, E. food, W. yd ‘corn’, Ir. ith id., Skr. pitú‑ḥ ‘food’, √pā(i̯)‑: O. W. bit ‘food’ < *b(h)it‑, Ir. bïad id. < *b(h)ii̯‑, W. bwyd do. < *b(h)ei‑t‑;—Lat. piget, Lith. peĩkti ‘to blame’, O. E. ficol, E. fickle, √peiq/ɡ‑: W. bai ‘blame, fault’ < acc. *b(h)igi̯m̥;—Gk. πέπρωται, ἔπορον, Lat. pars, W. rhan, √perō- § 63 vii (2): W. barn ‘judgement’ < *b(h)ₑr’n‑, brawd id., Ir. brāth id. < *b(h)r̥̄t- (for meaning cf. Germ. Teil ‘part’: Urteil ‘judgement’). The above alternation may be accompanied by a similar alternation medially; thus Lat. caper, Gk. κάπρος, W. caer-i̯wrch ‘roebuck’, all < *qap(e)r‑: W. gafr ‘goat’, Ir. gabor, gabur, Gaul. Gabro- < *g(h)ab(h)r‑;—Lat. capio, Goth. hafjan, W. caffel ‘to get’ < *qap‑: Lat. habeo, W. gaf-el ‘to take hold (of)’ < *ɡhabh‑.

There seems to have been a later tendency to substitute a media for a tenuis initially before a sonant in Brit. and Goidelic; as in Brit. Britan- for *Pritan- § 3 iii;—so W. brig ‘top (of a tree), crest