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152 juvencus, O. H. G. jung, E. young, Skr. yuvas̑áḥ ‘youthful’ < Ar. i̯uu̯n̥k̑os;—W. i̯aith ‘language’, Bret. iez < *i̯ek‑t‑: O. H. G. jehan ‘to say’; O. W. I̯ud- ‘*warrior’, W. udd ‘lord’ < *i̯eudh‑; i̯ôn, i̯ôr ‘lord’ < Kelt. *i̯ud-nós, i̯ud-rós § 66 v: Gk. ὑσμῑ́νη ‘battle’, Skr. yodháḥ ‘warrior’, yúdh id., yúdhyati ‘fights’; √i̯eudh‑.

Ar. u̯- (Lat. v‑, Gk. ϝ- (lost), Germ. w‑, Lith. v‑, Skr. v‑) remained in Pr. Kelt.; it appears in Ir. as f‑, in W. as gw̯‑. Thus W. gw̯aith f. ‘fois’ (tair gwaith ‘3 times’), Ir. fecht id. < *u̯ekt‑, W. ar-w̯ain ‘to lead’ < *ari-u̯eg‑n- § 203 iv: Lat. veho, Gk. ἔχος Hes., ὄχος, Skr. váhati ‘conveys, draws, leads’, O. H. G. wagan, E. wain, way; √u̯eg̑h‑;—W. gw̯īr ‘true’, Ir. fīr: Lat. vērus, O. H. G. wār; Ar. *u̯ēros;—W. gw̯edd, gw̯ŷs § 63 iv; gw̯all § 99 iii (1).—So before l or r: W. gw̯lyb § 58 iv, gw̯lad § 63 vii (2), gw̯raidd § 91.

Ar. ‑i̯- and ‑u̯- between vowels remained in Pr. Kelt.; they disappear in Ir., but generally remain in W., though sometimes altered; see §§ 75, 76, and iii (1) below.

(1) After an initial consonant i̯ or u̯ was liable to drop from the earliest period § 101 ii (2); thus W. doe, Lat. heri, Gk. χθές: Skr. hyáḥ § 98 i (3);—W. dall: Goth. dwals § 99 iii (2). But u̯ remained in Brit. after guttural mediae, § 92 iv, and after s- § 94 iv; and i̯ remained in some forms. In W. in this position i̯ generally became i; thus W. dī́eu ‘days’ for di̯eu as in Mn. W. trĭ́di̯au ‘3 days’ (the accentuation implies O. W. di̯‑) < Brit. *di̯ou̯es, < *di̯éu̯es (i̯ou̯ > W. i̯eu § 76 iii (3)). The hesitation between i̯ and i must go back to O. W. when the accent was on the ult. and the i would be unaccented. Lat. i became i̯ early, and