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§ 96 § 66 ii (1)); but rather that st- and s- existed side by side, and one form or the other prevailed; cf. § 94 iii. The lisped form þ- is attested in Gaul. in the name Đirona, also spelt Sirona (? star-goddess, < *stēr&#8209;).

Medial &#8209;st- gave Ir. ss, Bret., Corn., W. ss. When ss became final in W. it was simplified early; but it remained double medially, and is still double after the accent, though now written s § 54 i (2). Examples: Ir. ross ‘promontory, forest’, W. rhos ‘mountain meadow’ (Richards), ‘moor’ < *pro&#8209;sth&#8209;: Skr. prasthaḥ ‘table-land on a mountain, plain’, √sthā- ‘stand’;—Ir. cas-achtach ‘cough’, W. pas ‘whooping-cough’, Bret. pas ‘cough’ < *q$u̯$əst&#8209;: O. E. hwōsta, Germ. Husten ‘cough’: Lith. kósėti ‘to cough’, Skr. kā́sate ‘coughs’;—Ir. foss ‘servant’, W. gwas ‘servant’, gwasanaeth ‘service’ < *upo-sthā-n-ā́kt- § 203 i (4): Skr. upa-sthā́-na&#8209;m ‘attendance, service’;—W. gwas 4 ‘abode’, Ir. foss ‘rest, stay’ < *u̯ost&#8209;: Gk. ἄστυ < ϝάστυ, Skr. vā́stu ‘dwelling-place, homestead’.—The alternative lisped form þþ is attested in Brit. Aθθedomaros beside gen. Assedomari CIL. iii 5291 (Rhys CB.² 277), W. Gwynn-assed 67, with aθθ&#8209;, ass- perhaps < *ast&#8209;: Gk. ὀστέον, Skr. ásthi ‘bone’, W. asen ‘rib’, ais ‘breast’.

When &#8209;st- is preceded by a nasal or explosive or both, the whole group gives W. st. Examples: W. cystal, older cystadl ‘as good’ < *kom-sthə-dhlo- ‘standing together’: Lat. stabulum < *sthə-dhlo&#8209;m;—W. trwst ‘tumult’ < *trum&#8209;st- (ru < u̯r̥ § 63 viii (1)), √tu̯er&#8209;: Lat. turma, turba, Gk. σύρβη, Att. τύρβη;—Ir. loss, los (i. erball) ‘tail’, Bret. lost ‘tail’, lostenn ‘petticoat’, lostek ‘tailed, trailing’, W. llost ‘tail’ in llost-lydan ‘beaver’, arllost ‘the butt end of a spear’ < *lomp&#8209;st&#8209;, √leb- ‘hang down’: Skr. lámbate ‘hangs down’, Lat. limbus ‘hem of a garment’ < *lembos, E. lop in lop-eared, lop-sided: W. llusgo ‘to trail, drag behind’ < *lop&#8209;sq&#8209;;—W. cynllwst ‘kennel’ < *kuno-loq&#8209;st&#8209;, √leɡh- ‘lie’;—W. gast ‘bitch’ < *ganst- for *kan&#8209;st- § 101 iii (2) < *k̑(u̯)ₑn- ‘dog’ § 76 v (1);—W. clust ‘ear’, Ir. cluass < *kleut&#8209;st&#8209;, a Kelt. formation < Ar. *k̑léutom ‘hearing’: Av. sraotə&#8209;m, Goth. hliuþ.—(For the group after a liquid, see § 95 iv (3).)

After a prefix both forms occur: W. gwa-sarn ‘litter’, √sterō&#8209;; gwa-stad ‘level’, √sthā- ‘stand’; di-serch ‘unlovely’, √sterk/g- (1)