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§ 95 W., where &#8209;ss- became final by loss of the ending, it became &#8209;s early; but medially it is still double, though now written &#8209;s- § 54 i (2). Examples: W. crasu, Ml. W. crassu ‘to bake’, crās ‘baked’ < *krams- < *qrm̥&#8209;s&#8209;, √qerem&#8209;: Lat. cremo, Gk. κέραμος, W. cramwyth ‘pancake’ < *kram-pok-tī;—W. mīs ‘month’, Ir. mī gen. mīs < *mēnsis: Lat. mensis, Gk. μήν, Lith. mė́nů, mė́nesis ‘moon, month’;—W. gw̯rēs ‘heat’ < *ɡ$u̯$hrens-os) √ɡ$u̯$her&#8209;, § 92 iii: Skr. ghrąsáḥ ‘heat of the sun’ < *ɡ$u̯$hrens-ós;—Ml. W. cysseẟ ‘sitting together’ < *kon-sed&#8209;.

The same change takes place before an explosive; thus nst > st; nsq$u̯$ > sp; as W. cystadl, cystal ‘as good’ § 96 ii (3); cosp < *konsq$u̯$- § 96 iii (5).

The nasal also disappears when an explosive came between it and the s, as in W. cysefin ‘primitive’, Ml. W. cyssefin < *kint’samīnos, beside cyntaf ‘first’ § 106 iii (3), cyntefin ‘Spring’ < *kintu-samīno&#8209;.

(1) Ar. &#8209;ls&#8209;, &#8209;rs- probably became &#8209;ll&#8209;, &#8209;rr- in Pr. Kelt. Examples of the former are uncertain in W., because &#8209;ln&#8209;, ´&#8209;li̯- also give W. ll; perhaps W. pell ‘far’ < *q$u̯$el&#8209;s&#8209;: Gk. τέλος.—W. carr, Ir. carr, Gaul. carr-(us) < *qₑr’sos § 63 iii; W. twrr ‘crowd’ ( 44, 45), ‘heap’ < *tur’&#8209;s&#8209;, ur < u̯ₑr § 63 viii, √tu̯er&#8209;: Lat. turba, turma (W. torf < Lat.).

An explosive between the two sounds disappears, giving the same result; probably the majority of W. rr’s come from such groups as &#8209;rks&#8209;, &#8209;rts&#8209;. Examples: W. gyrr ‘a drove’ (of cattle) < *gerks- < *gerg&#8209;s&#8209;: Gk. γέργερα· πολλά Hes., Lat. grex, W. gre;—W. torri ‘to break, cut’ < *torq&#8209;s&#8209;, √tereq&#8209;: Lat. truncus< *tronqos, W. trwch ‘broken, cut’ < *tronqos;—W. carreg ‘stone’ < *k̑ₑr’q-s-ikā, √k̑ereq&#8209;: Skr. s̑árkaraḥ ‘pebble’, Gk. κροκάλη ‘pebble’, W. crogen ‘shell’, craig ‘rock’ < *k̑roqi̯&#8209;;—W. torr ‘belly’ (generally of an animal), torrog ‘pregnant’, Ir. torrach ‘pregnant’ < *torks&#8209;: Lat. tergus ‘body of an animal, hide’;—W. gwarr ‘upper part of back’, gwarr hëol 300 ‘ridge of the roadway’ < *u̯ort&#8209;s&#8209;: Lat. vortex, W. gwarthaf ‘summit’ < *u̯ortₑmo&#8209;;—W. corr ‘dwarf’ < *qort&#8209;s&#8209;: Lat. curtus, Ir. cert ‘little’, √(s)qer&#8209;.—Possibly we have ll from &#8209;lks- in W. callestr ‘flint’ < *qel’qs&#8209;: Lat. calx, Gk. χάλιξ, √q(h)eleiq- parallel to √k̑ereq- above.