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104 Lat. pruīna < *prusuīna;—W. trew ‘sneeze’ < *(s)treu&#8209;s&#8209;, √pstereu- § 96 ii (4);—W. blew ‘hair’ < *bleus- § 101 iii (2).

(1) Before a vowel the diphthong became aw when unaffected. Thus W. naw ‘nine’ < Brit. *nou̯an < Ar. *neu̯n̥;—W. baw ‘dirt’ < *bou̯&#8209;, beside budr ‘dirty’ < *bou-tro- √peu̯(āˣ)&#8209;: Lat. pūs, etc. § 101 iii (2);—W. awydd ‘desire’ for *aw̯w͡yẟ (rh. with rhŵyẟ § 38 x) < *au̯eid&#8209;: Lat. avidus < *au̯id&#8209;, √au̯ei̯&#8209;.—So Brit. au for unacc. āu as in Ml. W. andaw ‘listen’, met. for *adnaw < *áti-gnā-u- ‘attend to’ < *g̑n̥̄&#8209;u̯- √g̑enē&#8209;: Lat. nāvus, Ir. aithgne ‘cognitio’. So also uu̯ for Lat. u before a vowel, as W. cystrawen ‘syntax’ < Lat. construenda.

But in the penult (the present ult.) post-tonic ´&#8209;ou- gives Ml. W. &#8209;eu, Mn. W. &#8209;au; thus the pl. endings *´&#8209;ou̯es, *´&#8209;ou̯a give W. &#8209;eu, &#8209;au, as in cadau ‘armies’ < *kátou̯es, dagrau ‘tears’ < Ar. *dák̑ruu̯ə; similarly angau ‘death’ < *ánkou̯&#8209;; cigleu ‘I have heard’ < *k̑ū́k̑lou̯a § 182 i.

i̯ou̯- gives W. ieu (≡ i̯eü). Thus W. ieuanc ‘young’ < Brit. *i̯ou̯ankos < Ar. i̯uu̯n̥k̑os: Lat. juvencus § 100 i (1);—W. Ieuan < *I̯ou̯ánnes for lōánnes;—Mn. W. Iau, Ml. W. Ieu ‘Jove’ < Brit. gen. *I̯ou̯-os for Lat. Jovis;—Mn. W. iau, Ml. W. ieu ‘yoke’ < *i̯ou̯-ón < *juɡ-óm, see vi (1). Here we have the assimilation of u̯ to i̯ by which it becomes ü; cf. the assim. of i̯ to ü in &#8209;i̯oü in O. W., § 25 i.

An alternative form i̯ef&#8209;, if- appears in the penult: iefanc, ifanc; Iefan, Ifan. The latter is attested in the 14th cent: ivanghet 84. Later it is common: Pawb yn eu rh if yn ifanc S.C., i 114 ‘all in their [full] number young’.