Page:Morris-Jones Welsh Grammar 0091.png

§ 69 beside kedeirn do. 40, pl. of cadarn ‘mighty’;—so alarch pl. eleirch, elyrch § 117 i;—tywarchen pl. tyweirch, tywyrch § 126 i (2);—paladr, pl. peleidɏr 179, Mn. W. pelydr;—Mn. W. bustych, menych, § 117 i. Also in the proclitic geir > gyr ‘near’ § 214 ii.

The ɥ is probably the result of thickening the i̯ before r + cons. and before χ in an unaccented syllable. (In accented syllables as beirẟ, the i is still pure, but it has become ɥ before χ § 17 iii.) Thus ei > ỿɥ > ɥ. From r + cons. it spread to cons. + r. Probably gwesgyr (single r) for gwasgar § 173 iv (1) is due to false analogy.

In polysyllables before a labial also, a is affected to ɥ; as in modryb < *mātr-aq$u̯$-ī § 122 iv (2); cyffelyb, ethryb also from *&#8209;aq$u̯$- < *&#8209;əq$u̯$- √ōq$u̯$- ‘face’, cf. § 143 iii (8); Caer-dȳ́f ‘Cardiff’: Taf.—&#8209;am- becomes &#8209;eu or &#8209;yf, except in analogical formations; see § 76 vii (1).

(1) e becomes ɥ: engyl ‘angels’ < Lat. angelī;—cyllyll ‘knives’ < Lat. cultellī;—so, cestyll, gwëyll § 117 i;—erbyn ‘against’ < Kelt. *ari qu̯ennōi § 215 ii (4);—gwŷl ‘sees’ § 173 iv (1).

ek or eg before a consonant when affected became ik or ig which gives ī regularly; as nith ‘niece’ < *nektí&#8209;s § 86 ii (1);—llith ‘lesson’ < Lat. lectio.

(1) o becomes ei (Mn. ai) or ɥ: yspeil, ysbail ‘spoil’ < Lat. spolium;—seil, sail ‘foundation’ < Vulg. Lat. solea for Lat. solum, cf. E. soil;—myfyr ‘thought’ < Lat. memoria;—ystyr ‘meaning’ < Lat. historia;—dŷn ‘man’ < *doni̯os: Ir. duine;—mɥ&#x0302;r ‘seas’ < *morī § 122 ii (4);—esgyb ‘bishops’ < Lat. episcopī;—Selyf < Salomō;—tair Ml. W. teir for *ty-eir ‘three’ fem. < *tisorés § 75 vi (3);—pair, Ml. peir ‘caldron’: Ir. coire § 89 iii.

ok or og before a consonant, which gives oe in W., becomes w͡y when affected; thus oen ‘lamb’ < *ognos, pl. ŵyn < *ognī; ŵyth ‘eight’ < *ok̑tō.

u becomes ɥ: Merchyr § 16 iv (2) < Mercurius;—cŷn ‘chisel’ < Lat. cuneus;—asgwrn ‘bone’ pl. esgyrn;—ŷch ‘ox’ <