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38 when the accent fell regularly on the ultima; otherwise it would have become *dī́|awl.

The rising diphthongs w̯a and w̯o are frequently interchanged; as gw̯atw̯ar 185, gw̯atw̯or D.G. 136 ‘to mock’; marw̯ar Ỻ.A. 39, marw̯or ‘embers’ (cf. maroryn § 36 iii); caw̯ad, caw̯od ‘shower’; pedw̯ar, pedw̯or ‘four’.


 * Pedw̯or trysor tir Iesu.—H.R., 7/114.

‘The four treasures of the land of Jesus.’

v. (1) The rising diphthongs w̯ɥ and w̯ỿ are of course not distinguished in ordinary writing, both being represented by wy; see § 82 ii (5). Note then that wy represents three distinct diphthongs, the falling w͡y as in mŵyn ‘gentle’, sw͡yno ‘to charm’; the rising w̯ɥ, short in gw̯ɥnn ‘white’, long in gw̯ŷr ‘men’; the rising w̯ỿ as in tỿw̯ỿnnu ‘to shine’. See § 38.

(2) In ordinary writing the falling iw̯ and the rising i̯w are also not distinguished. See § 37.

i. Many stems end in i̯, which appears before all inflexional endings beginning with a vowel (with the exceptions mentioned in § 36), but is dropped when the stem has no ending; thus mỿfỿri̯af ‘I meditate’, mỿfỿri̯ant ‘they meditate’, mỿfỿri̯o ‘to meditate’, mỿfỿri̯ol ‘meditating’, but mỿfɥr ‘meditation’.

(1) In Mn. lit. W. i̯ generally appears after syllables having ei, as in ysbeili̯af ‘I rob’ (ysbail ‘spoil’ < Lat. spolium); teithi̯af ‘I journey’ (taith ‘journey’), geiri̯au ‘words’ (gair ‘word’), neithi̯w(y)r ‘last night’, Ml. W. neithwyr § 98 i (3). In these cases the i̯ is omitted in S. W. dialects and most Ml., as