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 detraction has been forgotten, or if the injured party has lost his reputation in some other way, or if the injured party prefers that the matter should not be reopened, or if it is physically or morally impossible now to do anything towards restoring his good name.

4. One who has unjustly wounded another, according to the more probable opinion, as we have seen, is not bound to make compensation in money for the wounding or mutilation. He is, however, bound to make restitution for all expenses to which his action has subjected the injured man, and for all other money losses which followed in consequence of loss of work, position, etc., and which were in some way foreseen by the wrongdoer. If the injured man dies, restitution must be made to his heirs or legatees for all the expenses he was put to or the losses he suffered on account of the unjust action. If, in consequence of the injury inflicted, the injured man cannot provide for wife, children, or parents, or if death ensued, the wrongdoer will be obliged to provide at least what is necessary for their support. For these had a right not to be deprived of their support by the unjust action of the wrongdoer. There are no necessary heirs according to English law, and it is a controverted point whether restitution is due to other heirs, relatives, or creditors who have suffered damage from the injury inflicted. It is probable that inasmuch as injury to such people is not necessarily connected with unjust wounding or homicide, and only follows from it in a remote and accidental manner, there is no obligation to make compensation to others besides the above-mentioned.

Whether the injured man can release the wrongdoer from the obligation of providing for his family who are dependent on him is a disputed point among divines. Many approved theologians hold the affirmative on the ground that the family acquire their right to compensation through the injured man, who therefore can release the wrongdoer from all obligation to make restitution. This opinion is certainly probable, and so in case of a duel where both parties have freely consented to fight, and therefore freely accept the consequences of their action, there will be no strict obligation for the victor to make any compensation for wounding or killing his adversary.

5. Scienti et volenti nonfit injuria; and so if a woman suffers loss of reputation, position, or money, in consequence of fornication freely committed, no restitution will be of strict obligation. Even for criminal assault or rape no restitution