Page:Mongolia, the Tangut country, and the solitudes of northern Tibet vol 1 (1876).djvu/348

 P. 41.

The footnote here, which says ' Pehling is the Chinese for Englishmen, Fan-qui for Frenchmen,' needs correction. Fan-Kwei is simply the term usually rendered 'foreign devils,' and is applied to Europeans generally. Pe-ling appears to be a corruption of the Western Asiatic Firingi, i.e. ' a Frank,' a term which in some older Chinese notices appears in the form ''Fu-lang. Pe-ling, or philing'', we know from Huc, Hodgson, and Edgar is the name which the Chinese at Lhassa give to the English in India, and it perhaps came to them through the Kashmiris and other Mahommedan traders to Lhassa.

 'Peh-ling Fan-qui' in the comprador's utterance quoted, means, I imagine, 'the Frank foreigners' who come by sea, in contradistinction to the Russ foreigners who come by land, and with whom the Chinese perhaps recognise something more of affinity.—[Y.]

P. 54.

Col. Prejevalsky makes these two drinks identical, but he is surely wrong. Darásun is the Chinese rice-wine, or something analogous. Kovalefsky gives 'Darasoun, Chinese hoang-tsieou. . . des boisson fortes; vin ordinaire fait avec des grains; vin jaune.' William de Rubruk gives a catalogue of Mongol drinks in the following words:—'Tunc ipse fecit a nobis queri quid vellemus bibere, utrum vinum vel terracinam [darásun], hoc est cervisiam de risio, vel caracosmos [kara-kumiz] hoc est clarum lac jumenti, vel bal, hoc est medonem de melle. Istis enim quatuor potibus utuntur in hyeme' (p. 305-6).—[Y.]