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 132 NEW BOOKS. sanguine, bilious and lymphatic, alike in all characteristics of form, differ from each other as well as from the nervous temperament in all character- istics of colour. The description of the " pure temperaments " is followed by descriptions of selected " compound," " balanced " and " semi-balanced " temperaments. Some suggestions are added, in the later chapters of part i., on modification of the temperaments by manner of- life, and on their relations to climate and food, to disease and its inheritance, &c. In part ii. (" The Teaching of the Temperaments," pp. 267-392), hints are given for applying the knowledge of them to education, to choice of a profession, and to the promotion of health. The loose use of the word " temperament" is criticised i-n an acute and interesting way ; and the biographical value of real " temperament portraiture " is illustrated both negatively and posi- tively. As an aid to the classification of faces, a selection is given from Lodyrfs Historical Portraits ; the selected faces being arranged according to type. Lastly, the results are tabulated of " observation of the forms of a hundred faces ". The Functions of the Brain. By DAVID FERRIER, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., &c. Second Edition, rewritten and enlarged. With numerous Illustra- tions. London : Smith, Elder & Co., 1886. Pp. xxiii., 498. Dr. Terrier's well-known work, reviewed in MIND (ii. 92) at some length .on its first appearance in 1876, now re-appears after ten years in greatly altered and extended form. Plan and principles of treatment remain in general what they were, but, while the primaiy object still is to give a detailed account of the author's own celebrated investigations, the book can now much more than previously claim to present " a systematic ex- position of the functions of the brain and central nervous system in accordance with . . . the best established facts of recent physiological and pathological research ". Enlarged by more than half its former size, it has also in the parts reproduced been so carefully revised as to be practically a new book ; the doubt only being suggested, by some of the patches vorked-in from the first edition, whether the author would not have done better it could not have given him more trouble to " rewrite" absolutely de novo. The structural revolution is nowhere more marked than in c. i., where the cerebro-spinal system is now very exhaustively described in 50 pp., taking the place of 15 pp. of mere "sketch " before'; c. ii. also now gives adequate account of the spinal cord, in its double function of conductor and centre, at a length of 40 pp., where 7 pp. on the single reflex function were formerly thought sufficient. Several of the following chapters, dealing with the main divisions of the system upwards, are recast and all are revised ; but the next radical change is in (or from) the old c. ix., "The Hemispheres physiologically considered " ; its two .sections of " Sensory Centres " and " Motor Centres " being now set out as two chapters (ix., x.), at twice the previous length. More new work has, in the last ten years, been done upon the " sensory centres " than in any other department of cerebral research, and the result is particularly apparent in the elaborate account (35 instead of 7 pp.) that has now to be given of the " visual centre " so much more complex in its connexions as well as wide-spreading in superficial area than was at first supposed. As to the "motor centres," while here and also in other parts of the new edition the author is more than ever forward to argue against the view of "muscular sense" that connects it (physiologically) with the outgoing current, he still does not appear sufficiently to consider what support (as hinted before in MIND and as has also been urged by Dr. Bastian) that view gets from his own conception of such centres support that is not nullified by withdrawal of particular expressions or sentences from the