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 134 -NEW BOOKS. has to interfere with its superior force. Penalties are consequently to be regarded as imposed in the interest of the noble feelings by the govern- ment in its quality of impartial spectator. Thus the sense of right, present from the first, gradually finds expression in law, an expression which, however, must always remain inadequate. The growth of law, therefore, can give no help towards the explanation of the origin of this sen Die Vollendung des Sokrates. Immanuel Kant's Grundlegung zur Eeform der Sittenlehre dargestellt von Dr. HEINRICH ROMUNDT. Berlin : Nicolaische Verlags-Buchlandlung (R. Strieker), 1885. Pp. vi., 304. This book bears the same relation to the practical philosophy of Kant as the author's Grundlegung zur Reform der Philosophic (see MIND, Vol. x. 626) to the theoretical. Like the previous work, it is intended, first of all, as a " simplified and extended " exposition of Kant's results. What Kant did in practical philosophy was to complete the Socratic doctrine of virtue and to give it a scientific character. In doing this he solved the problem of the highest good by preparing a secure passage from knowledge to faith. The author is dissatisfied with all other interpreters and suc- cessors of Kant, whom he divides into "creepers" (the Neo-Kantians) and "fliers" (Fichte, Schelling, Hegel). "But in truth neither the creepers nor the fliers are to be compared with Kant. For Kant wished that Reason in philosophy should neither fly nor creep, but, like man himself, walk upright between earth and heaven," the head raised to the regions of Faith, the feet set firmly on the solid ground of mathematical and physical science (p. 301). Kantischer Kriticismvs gegmuber unkritischem Dilettantismus. Von Dr. J. H. WITTE, Professor der Philosophic an der Universitat Bonn. Bonn : Cohen, 1885. Pp. 66. The author, while replying to a pamphlet of Dr. Stbhr, called forth by his review in the Philosophische Monatshrfte of the latter's Analyse der reinen Natunvisscnschaft Kant's (1884), takes occasion to set forth the general principles of the critical philosophy " in opposition to uncritical dilettantism," with a view to the interests of a wider circle of readers than those who have followed the controversy between himself and Dr. Stohr. The reply to Dr. Stohr extends to p. 30 ; in the first of two appended sections (viii., pp. 30-33), the author proposes a modification of Kant's deduction of the categories ; in the second (ix., pp. 33-40) he gives a useful classified index of the more important Kantian literature of the last 25 years. The notes especially (pp. 41-66) have an interest independent of the particular controversy. In the last ("A word on Goethe's relation to Kant and Spinoza, ") it is contended that Kant's influence on Goethe was greater and Spinoza's less than is generally supposed. Kant's Theorie der Erfahrung. Von HERMANN COHEN, Professor an der Universitiit Marburg. Zweite neuUarl>eitete Auflage. Berlin : Dummler, 1885. Pp. xxiv., 616. This second edition of Prof. Coht-i. ! work is more than twice the si/.e of tin- lir.-t edition (1871). The Introduction (pp. 1-7!)), which now replaces a short introductory chapter of 1<> pp., contains a full account of Kant's relation to his predecessors from Plato onwards. The part of that chapter dealing with " the logical determination of space and time" is incorporated with c. i., which corresponds to c. ii. of the liist edition. Chapter v. of the nld edition (" Tn-ndelenbur-'s view of the gap in the transcendental proof ") is now omitted. Two or three changes are made in the titles of chapters ; cc. iii. and iv. of the first edition are transposed ;