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 G. TEICHMULLER, LITERARISCHE FEHDEN, ETC. 117 way in which he assigns their due place to the unconscious and the conscious elements in genius, and to innate faculty and acquired dexterity in all kinds of artistic production. The histo- rical relations of the artist, too, are extremely well treated. It is a favourite idea of the author, as it has been of other writers on art, to regard the artist as the organ of his time and of his race, in whom at length both his own age and the past of which it is the product have become articulate. In this view, of course, the obligations of the artist to his predecessors and his relations to the knowledge and ideas of his time are not forgotten. Sometimes even, as was pointed out in one case above, this historical view leads to a certain exaggeration of the dependence of the individual man of genius on the completion of previous stages of artistic pro- gress. But here again it is made clear that the individuality of the artist is after all the chief thing ; that the personal element must always be superimposed on the character of the artist as an organ of the race. This is especially well brought out in the section on " Style " (i. 600-620), where a distinction of Goethe is developed into a theory of the relation of mere " imitation of nature " on the one hand, and of the exaggeration of a personal " manner " on the other, to the balance of a true " style," in which the personality of the artist is fully expressed but always in such a way that the object is treated appropriately and that the universal or typical element is clearly seen through the individual expression in beautiful form. It would be easy to multiply examples of the author's felicitous applications of his general view in comparisons of the effects of the different arts ; such as his illustration from painting and sculpture of the different kinds of unity required by the epic, " the poetry of event," and the drama, " the poetry of action " (ii. 545, 587) : but without references to more special discussions, which besides, would only give an inadequate idea of the interest of these volumes, enough ought to have been said already to show the importance of Prof. Carriere's book alike for literary and for philosophical criticism. T. WHITTAKEB. Literar ische Fehden im vierten Jahrhundert vor Chr. Von GUSTAV TEICHMULLER. 2 Bde. Breslau : Koebner, 1881 u. 1884. Pp. xv., 310 ; xviii., 390. A preliminary notice of this work was given in MIND, Vol. x. 311 ; and the first volume of it has been referred to, with ap- preciation of the skill and learning it displays, by Mr. Benn in the preface to his Greek Philosophers. Whether English students of Greek philosophy will go beyond Mr. Benn's opinion, that Prof. Teichmiiller's researches " demand some public acknow- ledgment " such as even a short review can give seems doubtful.