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 284 PHILOSOPHICAL PERIODICALS. mend itself to those who prefer to weigh their facts in quiet rather than be- in the front of a new movement of opinion. He holds that the existence of innervation-sensations can at present be regarded as neither proved nor disproved. Here again there is much need for fresh observations, both of normal and abnormal subjects. The omission of any discussion of Mimsterberg's very complicated view as to the character of the so- called innervation-sense, a view which Wundt now accepts and in which he seems to claim a paternal interest, is unfortunate. Next in length and perhaps in importance is a me'moirc by the Editor himself on Suggestibility. It seems to group together without sufficient justification many different types of mental process ; but it contains some very interesting details as to conjuring, automatic writing, the tendency to double personality and the liability to hallucination. The experiments made by Seashore at Yale, and first reported in 1895. show us clearly that, given certain conditions (e.g., authority, routine, etc.), there are few persons who do not readily become victims of perceptional hallucination. Even American students who had been warned that tricks would perhaps be played on them were deceived; when thrown off their guard by a few repetitions of the experiments with actual stimuli they appeared to perceive stimuli which did not actually occur. These and much else in the paper have an obvious bearing on reports of miracles, spiritualistic phenomena, and hypnotic experiments. Dr. Zwaardemaker gives some account of the present state of know- ledge as to the physiological and physical conditions of olfactory sensation. He is of course a great authority on the subject, but one is surprised to find that he uses an olfactometer with indiarubber tubing and sometimes mixes his solutions of odorous substances with paraffin. More interesting is a short article by Dr. Bourdon on the alleged apparent decrease in the size of objects, e.tf., the sun and moon, as they rise above the horizon. He comes to a negative conchision, and thus contradicts the results obtained by Stroobant about fifteen years ago. Diagrams would have been welcome in this paper. The impression it leaves on one's mind, at any rate on my mind, is that sufficient care has not been taken to avoid entirely the suggestions of distance. Another interesting paper is that on our perception of solid objects by M. Claparede, who urges that " form " is an abstraction, and that it is impossible to establish in any absolute way that the perception of it depends on some particular type of sensation. Sensations of temperature, contact, pressure, movement, and others are concerned. He draws an interesting distinction between primary and secondary identification of objects, between apprehending the form and recognising the object as one of a certain definite kind. There are papers on muscular and intellectual fatigue, and one on what the French call audition coloree, first clearly described by Galton. Dr. Blum gives us some useful criticism on certain recent contributions to " Pedology," and pleads for caution in proclaim- ing general laws of intellectual development on the strength of numerical results obtained from a single country or even a single district. Several papers on apparatus serviceable in the psychological laboratory will be found of interest ; but two or three on cephalometry would be more in place in an anthropological year-book. There is a good deal of biblio- graphical information in the volume, which may be recommended to most students as almost indispensable. It is, considering its character, commendably free from misprints, though I have noticed a few. ZBITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIB UND PHYSIOLOGIB DBR SINNESORGANB. Bd. xxii., Heft 2. &. Abelsdorff. ' Die Aenderungen der Pupillenweite durch versehiedenfarbige Belichtung.' [Experiments with monochro-