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 PHILOSOPHICAL PERIODICALS. 141 and short summary of the work of Victor Henri on the sense of space as given by touch ; the author agrees with most of his conclusions.] RIVISTA ITALIANA DI FILOSOFIA. November-December, 1898. C. Can- toni. ' Ai Lettori dellu Rivista.' [An announcement that this periodical will in future appear as the Rivista, Filosojica, under the editorship of the writer.] O. Cantoni. ' Sulla Morale.' [A discussion of the relation of ethics to religion, sesthetics and science. The moral Ideal must be human and at the same time have reference both to the individual and to society. There are four conditions necessary for the progress of the State : (a) a certain amount of material goods ; (6) that material goods should be distributed to each citizen according to the principles of justice ; (e) that the citizens, subject to (</) and (6), should be free to develop their faculties and activities ; (d) that there should be moral education, tempered by a salutary stoicism, inculcating patriotism.] G. Zuccante. ' In- torno all' Utilitarisimo dello Stuart Mill.' [This article is an exposition, appreciation and criticism of Mill. He advanced upon Bentham in being more psychological and thereby " transforming the formula of Utilitarian- ism," so that altruism ceased to be a mere fiction or comedy. But while ideas of personal dignity and the nobility of right conduct are introduced, it is shown that the distinction, in kind, as between pleasures, involves, as criterion, a reference to the judgment of a personality external to that of the moral agent. The remainder of the article is a criticism of the " miracle " required for association of Ideas to bridge this gap. In fact, Association is Mill's deus ex, machina.] L. Ambrosi. 'Che cos" e la Materia ? ' [This question, according to the writer, is unanswered, and, indeed, unanswerable by materialists, because they appeal to Experience, and atoms, etc., cannot be presented to sense. Therefore, " matter " is a metaphysical conception. Again, if the materialist attempts a definition, he becomes involved in a vicious circle, e.g., matter is the object of sense sense is that by which matter is perceived.] A. Bartolomei. ' I Principi Fondamentali dell' Etica di Roberto Ardig6 e le Dottrine della Filosofia Scientiflca.' [The moral character takes its rise from the compulsion of the law of the State. At first this manifests itself an " heteronomous energy," which prevents the agent from criminal acts, then right conduct appears as spontaneous, next it appears as abstracted from its relation to society, and finally, in the highest stage, external sanctions become superfluous. The writer next proceeds to compare and connect this gradation with evolution (to be continued).] O. Marchesini. ' II Valore del Giudizio Negative.' [In opposition to N. R. D'Alfonso, it is contended that negative judgments have a distinct value in preparing for the enunciation of positive ones. Investigating the questions whether positive are logically prior to negative judgments, it is shown that affirmation and negation are two aspects of a unique mental act. Thus the logical question is merged in a psychological or metaphysical one. Even intuition involves an implicit or " spontaneous " judgment, which has a double value both positive and negative. Further, judgment has a basis of feeling which may be either positive or negative, instances of the latter being found in cases of aversion or repugnance, e.g., to certain foods, etc.] Q-. M. Ferrari. 'L'Uomo Primitive.' [A discussion of the notions of early man with regard to the mind, family life and nature.] V. Alcmanni. ' Le Dottrine Estetiche di Pietro Ceretti.' [Ceretti, being a poet and litterateur, was attracted to the study of ^Esthetics. He was a follower of Hegel, and his work is important in the history of Italian Culture.] Bollettino. RIVISTA FILOBOFICA. January-February. C. Cantoni. 'Ai Lettori