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 PHILOSOPHICAL PERIODICALS. 139 chology of the two subjects of the foregoing investigation. The one belongs to the 'objective' type, and passes judgment at the bidding of rxirnml stimulus; the other to the 'subjective,' and passes judgments of expectation or preconception. That the writer should consider hun- self the discoverer of this branch of psychology only illustrates the blindness of the specialist. The points made here have been emphasised of late in work issuing from the Leipzig and Gottingen, as well as from certain American laboratories.] M. Sachs and R. Wlassak. ' Die optisehe Localisation der Medianebene.' [Apparatus: a useful adjust- able head-rest. Experiments : localisation with symmetrical position of the head : binocular and monocular determinations, with fixed object (glowing line in dark room) ; determinations with moving object ; with lateral direction of the line of regard : experiments with sideward turn of the head. Results: the visual organ discriminates 'right' or 'left/ far more easily than it decides ' neither right nor left ' ; and, in general, the localisation of the median plane is dependent solely upon the con- ditions of the formation of retinal images, and not upon muscular or motor sensations i.e., Bering's view is confirmed.] Besprechungen. [K. Lange on Groos* Die tSpiele des Menschen; Pelman on de Fleury's Introduction a la medecine de I'esprit.'] Literaturbericht. PHILOSOPHISCHE STUDIEN. Bd. xv., Heft 2. W. Wundt. ' Bemer- kungen zur Theorie der Gefiihle.' [Detailed reply to Titchener's critique in the Zeitn. Positive grounds for a multidimensional feeling system : introspection of clang and colour feelings ; interpretation (not the authors'!) of Mentz' pulse and Lehmann's plethysmographic curves; Vogt's dissociation experiments. The following polemic seems to miss Titchener's points entirely.] E. Buch. ' Ueber die " Verschmelzung " von Eptindungen, besonders bei Klangeindriicken.' n. [Examination of the experimental series of Stumpf (Tonpsychologie, ii.) and Kiilpe (Outlines). New experiments : Appunn reed-box and specially con- structed organ-pipe apparatus. Judgment by 'total impression' and with analysis. Discussion of subjective and objective sources of error. While a certain uniformity is discoverable in the experimental results (1) there is nothing in the series with analysis that cannot be explained by the known conditions and laws of fusion and analysis at large, taken in conjunction with the peculiar physical relations evinced by tones ; we need not assume any special ' fusion degree,' over and above the re- lation of consonance, beats among partials, practice in hearing and analysing, etc. The only possible exceptions are the octave and the twelfth, which may possess a somewhat higher ' fusion degree ' than the other intervals. (2) The same explanations hold for the experiments without analysis, so far as reed-tones are concerned. For the pipe-ex- periments a subsidiary hypothesis, as to the course of development of the musical ear, is required. The distance of the fundamentals may also have had influence on judgment. There is again not the least need for a concept of ' fusion degree ' or ' harmony,' save possibly for octave and twelfth. Brief review of the recent work of Faist, Meinong, Witasek, Meyer, Stumpf. Outstanding problems. Tables.] J. Cohn. ' Gefiihl- ston und Sattigung der Farben.' [Repetition of Major's experiments, with Bradley papers. (1) Major's method of absolute separate judgments is valid. The writer's method of paired comparisons is, however, superior. (-2) Most people prefer more saturated to less saturated colours. There is, however, an opposed type, of less frequent occurrence; Major seems to have hit upon this type. It is, perhaps, explicable in terms of association, though it may indicate a difference in the original reactions of the sense-feelings.]