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 VII. PHILOSOPHICAL PERIODICALS. PHILOSOPHICAL REVIEW. Vol. viii., No. 1. J. G. Schurman. ' Kant's Theory of the a priori Forms of Sense.' [If mathematical synthesis depeuds on perception, like all other synthesis, and yet is independent of empirical perception, its basis must be some pure or a priori perception. Kant asserts (not proves) that space and time constitute this basis. They are not innate ideas, but the immanent forms or functions of the faculty of perception. Geometry, the science of space, is thus true of things, not merely of ideas. The explanation of mathematics leads to phenom- enalism. The ^Esthetic parallels tune and space ; but there is no pure science of time. Kant's two time-axioms are analytic only. His two proofs (that the time-consciousness is prior to all perception of time- relations, and that it is indispensable to all experience) are inadequate. His subjectivistic conclusions fall therewith ; but fall also on the positive ground that the real universe cannot be a universe of changeless exist- ence.] D. H. Blanchard. ' Some Deterministic Implications of the Psychology of Attention.' [(1) Psychology of attention : Ribot, Stout. Attention " is the mental attitude of receptivity. Fixation of attention is the process of motor or vasomotor adjustment " accompanying recep- tivity, and " the feeling of effort is the reverberation in consciousness of this adjustment ". WUl " finds no occasion for exercise except through conflict". (2) Criticism of James' 'action in the line of greater resistance ' and of Seth's indeterminism. Will " is not a faculty, but as much a psychic state as a sensation or an emotion ". Attention, in its process of " interest, conflict, motor adjustment, selection through preferential interest, apperception or choice, and action" " explains all that there is to explain."] A. H. Lloyd. ' Time as a Datum of History.' [Time is not formal and self-existent ; for that would mean the isolation of events from each other, the sanction of suddenness in things, the positive recognition of a controlling agency without, and the temporal character of the real and the spiritual. Time is " the factor in experience that, taken by itself, expresses at once the necessity (the past) and the opportunity (the future) that a world of related differences naturally affords ". " Those who live do not live in time ; they live time itself, they use time."] Reviews of Books. Summaries of Articles. Notices of New Books. Notes. M. F. Washburn. ' Recent Discussions of Imitation.' [Baldwin, Tarde.] X. M. Bentley. ' Current Discussions of Psychology and Education.' [Muensterberg, Royce, Titchener.] J. E. Creighton. ' Philosophy at the Scientific Associations.' [Crookes, Japp, Pearson, Spencer, Weldon.] PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW. Vol. vi, No. 1. H. Muensterberg. 'Psy- chology and History.' [If psychology and history remain yoked together, then either history will be resolved into psychological analysis and socio- logical law, or the unity of personality will overcome confidence in science, f n the former case, history is ruined ; in the latter, psychology. But the two can be separated, though not as idiographic (history) and