Page:Mind (New Series) Volume 8.djvu/152

 138 PHILOSOPHICAL PERIODICALS. and Hering, Pfl. Arch., Ixxi.] G. V. Dearborn. ' The Criteria of Mental Abnormality.' [" Neither anatomical nor physiological nor psychological nor yet personal, in a sense, is the deranged person's defect [though some or all of these abnormalities are usually present], but it is sociological and against the evolving purpose of the race."] F. C. French. ' The Place of Experimental Psychology in the Undergraduate Course.' [Main- tains, against Wolfe, that there is none.] Psychological Literature. New Books. Notes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY. Vol. ix., No. 4. H. D. Sheldon. ' The Institutional Activities of American Children.' [(1) Study of children's compositions on the topic of some society or club ; organising tendencies displayed ; boys' motives more primitive than girls' ; small part played by secrecy. (2) Reminiscent papers ; answers to question- naire. Forms of play and organisation ; invention, leadership, discip- line ; predatory associations. (3} Sketch of adult societies for children. (4) Bibliography of children's societies.] J. O. Quantz. ' Dendro- psychoses.' [Study of the influence of trees on human life. Biological evidence. Psychical reverberations : witness of instinctive fears, of attitudes in sleep and methods of inducing sleep, of climbing instinct^ of behaviour of idiots and criminals. Tree worship ; the life tree ; the world tree ; the paradise tree ; the tree in medicine ; the tree in child life and in poetry. " Man's arboreal life may have evolved certain intellectual and emotional characteristics, suggestions of which we still find " in these sources.] N. Triplett. ' The Dynamogenic Factors in Pacemaking and Competition.' [Theories of the faster time of paced and competition bicycle races. Apparatus for laboratory study of motor competition. Results : of those stimulated, some made faster time, others were inhibited. A few subjects were little affected by the race. Fluctuations of energy ; effect of age ; sex differences ; influences affect- ing time of succeeding trials. Effect of idea of movement on movement itself. General conclusion : " the bodily presence of another con- testant," the " sight of the movements of pacemakers or other com- petitors," and the "idea of higher speed," however furnished, are all dynamogenic factors of consequence.] M. H. Carter. ' Darwin's Idea of Mental Development.' [For Darwin, mind has a survival value ; by mind he meant, somewhat vaguely, intelligence, instinct and reflex action ; he regarded mind and brain as two distinct, interacting, inter- dependent realities ; he envisaged mental evolution as a progressive series of mutual (brain-mind and mind-brain) interdependencies. His position " may thus be summed up in three words, as Cartesianism plus evolution". Bibliographies.] G. M. Whipple. 'The Influence of Forced Respiration on Psychical and Physical Activity.' [Marcet's apnoeic pause ; feeling of dizziness and confusion, sometimes followed by exhilaration ; greater strength of grip when breathing has returned to the normal. Rough tests far too roiigh, in view of the appliances now available show lengthened reaction, decreased memory span, loss of precision of movement, etc. ; but all these results must be retested.] E. B. Delabarre. 'A Method of Recording Eye-movements.' [Plaster cast of cornea, modelled on wire ring, to which writing lever is attached. Details of use and construction. Very useful.] E. B. Huey. 'Pre- liminary Experiments in the Physiology and Psychology of Reading.' [Short words more quickly read in horizontal sequence, long in vertical. First part of words more important for recognition than last. Move- ments of eye in reading ; application of a device similar to that of Dela- barre, and suggested by him and Ahrens.] C. M. gill- ' On Choice.' [Experiments on ' natural, physical choice '. It is natural to take the