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 NEW BOOKS. 121 ignorance are investigated. The psychological causes are grouped under tin- heads "Mental Grooves," "Misapplied Emotional Forces," and " Deficient Intellectual Powers". Under the first head, Mr. Dorman is particularly hard upon metaphysicians. But here the metaphysician will discern signs of ignorance in Mr. Dorman himself. It may be mentioned that he groups Huxley with Hume and Kant as a leading representa- tive of metaphysical thought. Book iii. deals with some of the effects of ignorance, such as " The Art of the Uncultured," the attitude of the manual worker to the capitalist, " The Mind of Woman ". Book iv. contains educational suggestions " founded on the desirability of allowing every one, as far as possible, an opportunity of becoming acquainted with the researches of the leading thinkers, and to show the great necessity for independent thought. The main point is, however, to ensure an equable 'development of all the physical and psychological functions in every direction " (Preface, p. viii). Mr. Dorman is from the nature of the case dogmatic. From the nature of the case he must pose as omniscient. Specialists, judging each in his own department, are likely to find this omniscience somewhat superficial. But human omniscience cannot be otherwise than superficial except in the case of a Leibnitz or Helmholtz. Mr. Dorman's book was worth writing. The Origin and Growth of the Moral Instinct. BY ALEXANDER SUTHER- LAND, M.A. London : Longmans, Green & Co., 1898. In two volumes. Pp. xiii., 461 ; vi., 336. Price 28s. 'This is a well-written book, and it is evidently the outcome of much patient industry. The author has accumulated a vast mass of material bearing on the development of what he calls " Sympathy " in animals and man. There is much that is instructive and interesting in his work ; but taken as a whole it is a failure. Mr. Sutherland professes to trace "with unbroken continuity" the development of our "moral instincts" from the lower stages of animal life " through lowliest savage [sic] to the noblest of men ". It cannot be said that his success is at all pro- portioned to his industry. Indeed, he seems to overlook the most elementary conditions of the problem which he seeks to solve. Morality is for him essentially identified with what he calls " Sympathy," and this seems to include all instinctive impulses which directly benefit society, .animal or human. He fails to see that morality and the development of morality is bound up with personality, with the unification of conative tendencies in an organised system, and that this again is essentially connected with the growth of conceptual consciousness. It is his blind- ness on this point which leads him to think he has traced with unbroken continuity the unfolding of the moral consciousness from its primitive beginnings in the lower forms of animal life up to the noblest of men. The truth is, that he has scarcely touched the development of morality in the proper sense at all. Tlif Wonderful Century. By A. E. WALLACE. London : Swan Son- nenschein & Co. ; New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1898. Pp. x., 400. This book falls into two parts : a shorter, dealing with the ' successes,' and a longer, dealing with the ' failures ' of the nineteenth century. The former, written in a chatty, reminiscent style, is as successful as the ury itself; in the latter Dr. Wallace mounts his various hobby- horses, and intermixes much exaggeration and extravagance with his .-scientific good sense and solidity of judgment.