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 PHILOSOPHICAL PEEIODICALS. 277 figured' realism. Of the conceptions implied in the belief in an external world, that of externality is acquired ; while the underivative ones are those of permanence and independence of the connexions between our sensations. A thoroughly Berkeleian essay.] H. Joly. ' La Genese des grands hommes.' [A review of M. Odin's book on the subject. Education plays a larger part than heredity in the making of great men.] Ch. Fere. ' L'antithese dans 1'expression des Emotions.' [Darwin's principle of Antithesis is important as regards the expression of simu- lated emotions.] CK Belot. ' Le Socialisme : dogme ou mdthode ? ' [A general review of books on the subject by Boilley, Garofalo and Prins.] Notices of Books. Foreign Periodicals, etc. No. 12. December, 1896. Dugas. ' La timidit^ : Etude psycho- logique.' [Timidity is an emotion akin to, but differing from, fear. It is inhibitory of acts, thoughts and feelings. A very interesting psychological essay.] Dr. G-. Le Bon. ' Psychologic du socialisme.' [Treats of the socialists from a psychological standpoint as exhibiting a certain type of mind.] Foucault. ' Mesure de la clart^ de quelques representations sensoreilles.' [Gives the results of psychophysical experiments on differences of sensibility to pressure.] Discussions. Reviews, etc. REVUE DE METAPHYSIQUE ET DE MORALE, (a) 4 Annee, No. 5. Sep- tembre, 1896. Q. Noel. ' La logique de Hegel : Hegel et la pensle contemporaine (fin.).' [Neither pure empiricism nor Kantism is a logically tenable position. But we cannot go back to the dogmatism which Kant criticised and refuted. . . . Hegel is charged with " exclusive intellectual - ism " : but his intellectualism, not his exclusiveness, is what gives offence ; for his opponents substitute an equally exclusive principle of their own, and one which, to us, seems utterly inadmissible. The reproach only betrays ignorance of Hegel. Generations of thinkers pass succes- sively under the influence of successive great philosophers. The Middle Ages were right in revering Aristotle : so their successors were right in revering Descartes ; Leibniz advanced beyond the position of Descartes ; Kant, beyond that of Leibniz ; Hegel, beyond that of Kant. Each has left an indelible impress on the course of thought, but none has said the last word. Meanwhile Hegel still awaits his successor. Until some one is found to do for him what Descartes did for Aristotle, or Kant for Leibniz, Hegel blocks the way, and the study of Hegelianism is a necessity.] Criton. ' Quatrieme dialogue philosophique entre Eudoxe et Ariste. [A Dialogue, modelled on those of Plato or Berkeley, in which the nature of Body is discussed, and its relationship with Mind. Are Body and Mind identical, and does Body think ? Conclusion : the nature of Body is necessary, but has its raison d'etre in the necessary laws of Thought. We must not be intimidated, in maintaining this, by the " redoubtable corporation of physiologists and physicists," whose authority within their proper sphere may be as great as one pleases, but whose philosophy is bornee, and without authority.] A. Spir. ' Nouvelles esquisscs de philosophie critique (sixieme article, suite) : Essai sur les fonde- ments de la religion et de la morale.' [If physical Science possessed absolute truth, if the physical order of the world were absolute, none but physical causes could act or be recognised. On the other hand, if man were a mere machine, Science itself would be impossible. As a matter of fact, a mere machine is incapable of science. Science, in truth, is possible, only because physical laws do not possess absolute validity. This position is worked out into what follows regarding Religion and Morality.] Etudes critiques, etc. (including a full and interesting ex- amination of Professor Baldwin's Mental Development in the Child and in the Race).