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 EXTENT, DEGREE, AND UNITY IN SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS. 89 grasp the emotional experience of the intellectual processes adequately enough for similar construction. Let any one try to get hold of his musical instincts supposed fairly good with a view to building up a feeling of how Beethoven's mind felt when he worked, and if he succeeds in this exercise of imagination, let him further get to see just how it is that he is not a composer like Beethoven. If he succeeds in these two exercises he will have gained self-consciousness of his musical instincts. The opposite process a much easier one I have tried on myself in process of studying the practical problem to teach very unmusical children to sing a scale. One could not begin to study the problem upwards without an itch for musical composition in some degree. An itch for writing poetry is common enough, but how difficult it is for any of us to explain just how it is that we are not great poets. We can learn to see the defects of what we write, but we cannot find what is wanting in ourselves, because we cannot imagine the poet's mind with anything like the clearness which belongs to the common man's vision of the high-souled hero. And yet there is this in common between the two attempts by study of the poet in his poetry we get drawn into intellectual sympathy with him, just as the contemplation of the hero creates understanding through sympathy in meaner souls. On the whole it may be said that although self-conscious- ness may by close reflexion be made to embrace the intellec- tual self, it does not do so naturally except in persons specially marked by the introspective interest. Nevertheless the intellectual self should be regarded as a part, although an obscure part, of the object self which is better known to us in the instincts and emotions of the moral sphere. The obscure instincts of the intellectual self, working as reason and as imagination on the total of consciousness, cannot but play an effective part to give individual shape and colour to the consciousness of self, and thus to affect further the development of character.