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 560 PHILOSOPHICAL PERIODICALS. tually minded persons), like all perceptions, are little more than refined emotions."] Q-. M. Stratton. ' Studies from the Psychological Labora- tory of the University of California.' vi. A. Robertson. ' Geometric- optical Illusions of Touch.' [In many cases, there is an illusion of active touch tending in the same direction as the corresponding illusion of sight : so in the arrow-head and feather figure, in convergent lines, in the perception of angles, in contours, in ring segments. In the case of in- terrupted vs. uninterrupted lines, the direction of illusion runs counter to- that of sight (cf. Parrish's work with passive touch), as it does also in the case of Poggendorff s figure. Quantitative determinations were made on the two last points.] G-. A. Tawney. ' Feeling and Self -A war en ess/ [" Thought and feeling cannot be separated or contrasted without de- stroying the reality of both. Thoughts are always shared experiences, while feelings are private and unshared ; thoughts are always universal and in reference objective, while feelings are always particular and in reference subjective. Feeling is ... an attributive element in self- consciousness ; ... in feeling, in other words, we experience imme- diately the relation of the ego to its object, a relation of unity or diversity which the ego itself establishes. ... As to the content of self-conscious- ness,. . . self-consciousness as immediate self-awareness includes the empirical qualities of the body itself, together with a sense of externality to everything else within the range of perception or memory. Reflec- tive self-consciousness is based upon the recognition that the self be- longs in classes with other selves, that it is in a sense one with them, and that its experiences therefore possess a significance for them, and theirs for it. All feelings acquire a social reference, a universality of reference, from reflexion. . . . The relational emotions are simply reflective feelings which are immediately connected with the activities of the ego. . . . We may properly speak of the emotions of the logical processes and of volition," but not of an emotional logic of the emotions.) Discussion and Reports. J. M. Baldwin. ' Dr. Bosanquet on Imita- tion.' [The theory of selective thinking as a genetic account of the systematic character of thought ; ' resemblance ' vs. ' identity in differ- ence '. The question of publicity : " Shall we assume at a stroke social organisation through a number of minds acting thinking alike on the same material, or shall we ask by what type of actual social experience they accomplish this ? "] P. Hughes. ' Methods of Testing Eelative Pitch.' [Criticism of methods of Gilbert and of the Columbia University tests. Proposed single test with two wires, and class test with forks.} Psychological Literature. New Books. Notes. Indexes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY. Vol. xiii., No. 4. O. G-. Libby. ' The Bird Lover as a Scientist.' [Plea for amateur observation of birds, in the field, with a view to biological and psychological results. Two specimens of the work are given: (1) sets of measurements upon the red-winged blackbird, the outcome of which is of value for the study of variation and specific differences ; (2) charts of the passage of migrating birds across the face of the full moon : the data are useful to the student of the psychology of instinct. Suggestive remarks, especially regarding adaptation, are scattered throughout the article.] R. Macdougall ' Minor Investigations in Sense Perception. I. On Determination of the Subjective Horizon by Motor Co-ordination. II. The Relation of Saturation in Homogeneous Colours to the Area over which the Colour is Spread. in. The Quantitative Relations of Stimulation-area and Colour-threshold in Discrete as Compared with Continuous Extents.' [The first and most important of these Studies is a continuation of a paper published in the Psychological Review, Monograph Supplement, No.