Page:Mind (New Series) Volume 12.djvu/290

 276 PHILOSOPHICAL PERIODICALS. 'The Metaphysics of Time.' ["Neither psychology nor metaphysics warrants the retention of the concept of time taken in the sense of succession. What we call time is a representation made up of space and certain sense factors by means of which we picture the order in experience which is not temporal, but may, for want of a better term, be called logical. The truth of change is to be found not in the transition from being to nothing and from nothing to being, but in the infinite diversity of finite experiences."] Reviews of Books. Summaries of Articles. Notices of New Books. Notes. PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW. Vol. ix. No. 4. J. R. Angell. 'Studies from the Psychological Laboratory of the University of Chicago.' H. J.. Pearce. ' Experimental Observations upon Normal Motor Suggestibility.' [When we localise a single stimulus (visual, auditory or tactual), we ordinarily make an error in the direction of the point upon which atten- tion is turned at the time of the application of stimulus ; the error increases largely with distance of stimulus from point of attention. If a second similar stimulus is given, there is a tendency to resist its sug- gestion ; but as the applications are repeated, the suggestion becomes increasingly effective, causing an error in the direction of the second stimulus. The resistance to this form of suggestion is most vigorous when the direction of suggestion is opposed to that of the normal error tendency ; ultimately, however, such an antagonistic suggestion is most effective. Variations of intensity and distance of the suggesting stimulus are followed, within limits, by corresponding variations in result. The suggestive power of the distractor is approximately the same in all three sense departments.] E. A. McC. Gamble. ' From the Wellesley College Psychological Laboratory : The Perception of Sound Direction as a Conscious Process.' [Perception of the direction of a telephone click is not usually based upon consciousness of timbre, in- tensity, pitch, or any kind of place-mark or space-value in the sound itself. Timbre and intensity criteria develop with experience in auditory localisation, and seem in a measure to presuppose it. Cutaneous im- pressions about the head and ears sometimes serve as localisation factors. Auditory localisation at large is a rough counterpart of cutane- ous localisation ; it proceeds originally by reflex head and eye movements, which drop out with practice. As evidence collateral to that derived from the experiments, the author reminds us (1) that suggestion has no marked effect on strong tendencies in the perception of direction ; (2) that it hinders accurate localisation, as thought will hinder an automatic muscular co-ordination ; (3) that unpractised observers tend to localise sounds behind them, the relic of a serviceable reflex ; and (4) that alleged immediacy of localisation is coupled with relative accuracy.] A. A. Aikens, E. L. Thorndike, E. Hubbell. 'Correlations among Perceptive and Associative Processes.' [Measurement of relationships " in the case of a number of functions, all of which depend upon quick- ness and accuracy in associating certain thoughts or acts with certain percepts, either directly, or indirectly through other ideas which the percepts call up". Marking of misspelled words, of words containing certain letters, writing of antithetical words, working of additions, etc. Table of correlations.] Discussion and Reports. B. Bosanquet. ' Imi- tation.' [How are we to explain the transference and operation of ideas by which men are social? Baldwin says, ' imitation ' ; the writer, ' logic '. " I cannot see how development into a group of interrelated elements . . . can be got by imitative process proper. ... I do not believe that an explanation of logical process can be built up on imitation plus selection, and the facts seem to me to be in the main omitted by the imitation