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 132 PHILOSOPHICAL PERIODICALS. extreme forms of each theory that are in conflict.] J. D. Logan. ' The Optimistic Implications of Idealism.' [Both pluralistic and monistic idealists assume that virtue implies happiness. This, however, is erroneous, for human goodness as being a war with evil will always involve unhappiness.] Book Reviews. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ARISTOTELIAN SOCIETY. New Series. Vol. ii. G-. P. Stout. ' Alleged Self-contradictions in the Concept of Relation. A criticism of Mr. Bradley 's Appearance and Reality, pt. i., ch. iii.' [The fact that relations and qualities are mutually dependent does not make the concept of relation self-contradictory.] B. Bosanquet. ' Recent Criticism of Green's Ethics.' [A reply to criticisms of Green contained in A. E. Taylor's Problem of Conduct^ A. Boutwood. ' The Philosophy of Probability.' [Neither every-day experience nor inference gives us fact. Religion on the other hand gives us practical content. The function of thought is not to give us fact but increase our practical content as far as possible.] Mrs. S. Bryant. ' The Relation of Mathe- matics to Formal Logic.' [A defence of Boole's view that general logic is mathematics with all conceptions of quantity struck out ; with an exposition of the chief forms of symbolic reasoning.] G-. F. G-olds- borough. ' The Ethical Limits of Method in Philosophy.' [A discussion of the relation of motive to method in philosophical investigation, lead- ing to the conclusion that the choice of method is purely ethical in character.] Q-. E. Moore. ' Mr. McTaggart's Studies in Hegelian Cos- mology.' [A criticism of the three chapters on "Human Immortality," " The Personality of the Absolute," and " The Further Determination of the Absolute".] H. W. Carr. ' Mr. Bradley's Theory of Appearance.' [A refutation of the contradictions alleged to inhere in the conceptions of space and time.] REVUE PHILOSOPHIQUE. August, 1902. James Sully. ' Les theories du risible.' [Author criticises Hobbes and Kant's theories as being each incomplete alone. A satisfactory theory must include the leading prin- ciple of each.] L. Dugas. ' La surrnenage k rebours.' By ' surmenage ' author understands the violation (and attendant suffering) of the natural laws of labour. This phenomenon is conspicuous in the democratic education of to-day, which, regardless of natural inequalities, aims at rendering all eligible for all careers. G. Falante. ' La teleologie sociale et son mecanisme.' [Social evolution has passed through three stadia governed respectively by the three following laws : (1) Law of mental inertia and least effort ; (2) law of activity directed towards the maximum of social utility ; (3; law of activity directed towards the maximum of individual life and beauty.] Notes. Analyses et comptes rendus. Revue des periodiques Strangers (Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society}. September, 1902. Re*cejac. 'La confusion entre 1'ordre social et 1'ordre religieux.' [Christ was a mystic, conscious, above all things, of his union with God and of his divine 'election'. This latter accompanied by an expansive tendency. Mystic states, however, cannot be communicated hence the institution of sacraments which stand between such states and clear ideas. The Church, which arose out of social needs, developed ritualism and also in opposition to its founder the conception of political power and the right of owning property.] Falante. ' Etudes sociologiques. II. Moralisme et Immoralisme.' [Im- moralism, represented by Heine and Nietzsche, is the revindication of the rights and liberties of the individual as against the supposed rights and ends of society.] Chayottes. 'Le conflit actuel de la science et de la philosophic dans la psychologic. [Science studies the universe as it appears, tries to arrive at a clear and coherent representation of it ;