Page:Metaphysics by Aristotle Ross 1908 (deannotated).djvu/105

 divided, while they are no longer divided into other things differing in kind; and whether the things of this sort are one or more, they call these elements. The elements of geometrical proofs, and in general the elements of demonstrations, have a similar character; for the primary demonstrations, each of which is implied in many demonstrations, are called elements of demonstrations; and the primary syllogisms, which have three terms and proceed by means of one middle, are of this nature.

People also transfer the word 'element' from this meaning and apply it to that which, being one and small, is useful for many purposes; for which reason the small and simple and indivisible is called an element. Hence come the facts that the most universal things are elements (because each of them being one and simple is present in a plurality of things, either in all or in as many as possible ), and that unity and the point are thought by some to be first principles. Now, since the so-called genera are universal and indivisible (for there is no analytic formula of them), some say the genera are elements, and more so than the differentia, because the genus is more universal; for where the differentia is present, the genus accompanies it, but where the genus is, the differentia is not always. It is common to all the meanings that the element of each thing is the first component immanent in each.

Chapter 4

'Nature' means (1) the genesis of growing things — the meaning which would be suggested if one were to pronounce the υ in φύσις long. (2) The primary immanent element in a thing, from which its growth proceeds. (3) The source from which the primary movement in each natural object is present in it in virtue of its own essence. Those things are said to grow which derive increase from something else by