Page:Mendel's principles of heredity; a defence.pdf/35

 That we are in the presence of a new principle of the highest importance is manifest. To what further conclusions it may lead us cannot yet be foretold. But both Mendel and the authors who have followed him lay stress on one conclusion, which will at once suggest itself to anyone who reflects on the facts. For it will be seen that the results are such as we might expect if it be imagined that the cross-bred plant produced pollen grains and egg-cells, each of which bears only one of the alternative varietal characters and not both. If this were so, and if on an average the same number of pollen grains and egg-cells. transmit each of the two characters, it is clear that on a random assortment of pollen grains and egg-cells Mendel's law would be obeyed. For 25 per cent. of "dominant" pollen grains would unite with 25 per cent. "dominant" egg-cells; 25 per cent. "recessive" pollen grains would similarly unite with 25 per cent. "recessive" egg-cells; while the remaining 50 per cent. of each kind would unite together. It is this consideration which leads both Mendel and those who have followed him to assert that these facts of crossing prove that each egg-cell and each pollen grain is pure in respect of each character to which the law applies. It is highly desirable that varieties differing in the form of their pollen should be made the subject of these experiments, for it is quite possible that in such a case strong confirmation of this deduction might be obtained. [Preliminary trials made with reference to this point have so far given negative results. Remembering that a pollen grain is not a germ-cell, but only a bearer of